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Semantic Complex Service Composition within an IoT Ecosystem
Published in Ricardo Armentano, Robin Singh Bhadoria, Parag Chatterjee, Ganesh Chandra Deka, The Internet of Things, 2017
Grigorios Tzortzis, Charilaos Akasiadis, Evaggelos Spyrou
Within the platform, services communicate by publishing messages and/or by subscribing to topics managed by a Message-oriented Middleware (MoM), which is a message broker. Thus, all sensor measurements, processor results, and actuations are encapsulated into messages and communicated via these topics. Once a message is published to a topic, the MoM informs and delivers it to all clients that are subscribed to that topic. The MoM, among others, supports the MQTT protocol (Banks & Gupta, 2014), main role of which is to orchestrate the intercommunication among services in the aforementioned way. Each service incorporates an MQTT client to be connected to the MoM. The MoM is responsible to deliver the messages to subscribed clients. Scalability is facilitated, as new services may be added with almost zero configuration. Moreover, the MQTT is an extremely lightweight protocol, designed to require small code footprint and network bandwidth, while also being available for many heterogeneous devices and programming languages. An example of the interconnection of services using a MoM is depicted in Figure 7.1. A camera is an S-type service that captures RGB video data from the physical world and publishes them to a topic. A Background Subtraction module is a P-type service, which receives the camera-generated data by subscribing at the same topic. Upon processing, it publishes its output using another topic.
Hardware Architecture of IoT and Wearable Devices
Published in Mohammad Ayoub Khan, Internet of Things, 2022
IoT protocols have three basic layers which are application, network, and perception. Sometimes they are extended to five layers including the business and processing layers. MQTT and CoAP are two lightweight protocols which are leading messaging protocols. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is an open standard IoT protocol. The data exchange protocols can also be classified as given in Table 4.1.
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
Published in Hossam Fattah, LTE™ Cellular Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), 2021
MQTT is the common protocol used for NB-IoT devices and other IoT clients. It is a lightweight protocol with a small footprint that makes it popular to be used with IoT device. In this chapter, you will learn how to use MQTT with the AWS IoT cloud.
Service-oriented invisible numerical control application: architecture, implementation, and test
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Lisi Liu, Yingxue Yao, Jianguang Li
In contrast, applications built using MSA tend to use lightweight, open-source technologies. The services communicate via lightweight protocols like REST, gRPC, and simple messaging. Besides, MSA applications place a heavy emphasis on the autonomy of services. That said, they prefer to re-write services rather than reuse them directly. And, each service generally has its own database (Richards 2016; Newman 2018; Richardson 2019).