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Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
In the 1990s, the Java programming language [23] popularized the use of virtual machines. Virtual machines increase platform independence by being an intermediate layer between high-level languages such as Java, and low-level languages such as machine code. A Java compiler will translate a Java program to virtual machine code, which the virtual machine executes. Each kind of computer will have its own implementation of the virtual machine, much like it will have its own C compiler. The virtual machine offers capabilities such as event handling in a platform-independent way, which in C would be platform dependent. This is a step towards the ultimate goal of “write once, run everywhere.” Intuitively, we have a spectrum
Source code plagiarism detection with low-level structural representation and information retrieval
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2021
Figure 3 depicts that our proposed approach (VSM-LC) outperforms the state-of-the-art approach (RKG-LC) with the highest difference at level-4 category (i.e. cases with method structure change). Numerous low-level tokens are automatically added by Java compiler as a result of introducing new methods [6,8]. Those tokens split matched token sequence to several shorter sequences where some of them are undetected by RKG-LC due to its token order sensitivity. In contrast, level-5 category (i.e. cases with program statement replacement) generates the smallest difference with an inverse condition: VSM-LC is slightly outperformed by RKG-LC. Theoretically speaking, level-5 attacks are related to syntactic sugar forms and most of those attacks can be unavailing toward low-level approaches; some syntactic sugar forms share the same low-level token sequence with its original. Further observation shows that VSM-LC's bi-gram mechanism is the main reason why VSM-LC is outperformed at that category. It propagates the impact of mismatched tokens considering one mismatched token will be included as the member of two bi-gram tokens.
PDDL4J: a planning domain description library for java
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2018
The PDDL4J parser is based on JavaCC3, ‘the Java Compiler Compiler’, which is a parser and lexical analyser generator. It takes as input file a description of the PDDL language, i.e. its lexical and grammar specifications (the BNF), and generates the Java parser. JavaCC is particularly adapted to PDDL4J because it allows new PDDL language extensions and the different versions of PDDL to be easily managed without any hand-coding. Moreover, JavaCC has good error reporting, which is very useful for domain debugging.
Secure android IoT mobile and collaborative machine learning for controlling the management of enterprise
Published in Journal of Control and Decision, 2022
Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji, Refed Adnan Jaleel
Over the past few years, mobile phone use has risen considerably due to the rapid advancement of technology and the evolution of our daily lives. Across the globe, mobile devices outnumber personal computers (PCs) by a factor of almost three and a half. Nowadays, IoT phones are more than just a way to make phone calls or send text messages; they are also a personal entity that gives a wealth of information and amusement to practically every adult human being. Personal computers and IoT phones are both capable of accessing the same information. There are numerous manufacturers, including Symbian, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Nokia, Samsung, and others. Who manufactures a wide range of IoT phones, all of which have cutting-edge technology? The Android Open Source Project, which was founded by Android Inc. before it was purchased by Google and published as the Android OS, is unquestionably the most widely used technology in the world today (AOSP). The Android operating system is made up of a series of interconnected software modules. (1) Layer of Kernel. (2) Layer of Native Libraries. (3) Layer of Application Framework. (4) Layer of Application (Jaiswal, 2018; Lou et al., 2013). Figure 1 depicts the android OS architecture diagram and Figure 2 compilation process of android. Android is the most frequently used operating system in the world (now 82.8%). The Android architecture is shown in the diagram below. Application, framework, libraries, Linux kernel and Android run time are all part of it. In layer of application, Mobile apps are only interacted with at the application layer. When we first start utilising an app on our device, we do it from the app layer. Apps like Facebook, chrome, Gmail, Instagram, YouTube, Bhim, etc. are works on the layer of application. The Java programming language is used to create Android apps. Apk files are used to install Android apps on a phone or tablet, or on emulators running Android (Li et al., 2016; Naito et al., 2014). Any data and resource files that you include in your code are also included in the apk. The java compiler converts java code files to. Class files for Android. Class files are also known as java byte code, and this byte code is then translated to dalvik byte code, which is the format that the Android operating system understands (Bhat & Dutta, 2019; Rashidi & Fung, 2015). Compilation of all class files and any.jar library files results in single classes. Using the dx command to dex. This type of file is known as a Dalvik executable (DEX) (Abdelfatah, 2019; Faz-Hernández et al., 2019).