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C++ and Objective C
Published in Paul W. Ross, The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists, 2018
C programming involves three file types: header files, with .h extensions; source files with .c extensions, and libraries, with various extensions (.lib and .a are both common). Header files usually contain variable, type and function declarations and preprocessor macros. These declarations are included in the source files which need them with a preprocessor directive, the #include. Source files are compiled to object files (often a .o extension), and the object files are linked with the appropriate libraries to make an executable program file. The same system of files is used in C++ and Objective C.
Functions in Arduino
Published in Amartya Mukherjee, Nilanjan Dey, Smart Computing with Open Source Platforms, 2019
Amartya Mukherjee, Nilanjan Dey
The function-oriented programming approach is the fundamental backbone of the Arduino programming. Each module in the firmware design can be considered as a set of functions. Like other programming languages such as C or C++ [1], we can define a set of functions in a single file or might write them in a separate header file and attach them using the include directive. Here, functions are also treated as modules. Unlike other programming languages, the Arduino function structure does not depend on the main() function. The modular programming approach is the key benefit of the Arduino firmware design. Fundamentally, we can define various functions within Arduino depending on the maximum limit of memory. When a function is created and compiled, it will become a code segment that will store into the program memory of Arduino (typically SRAM) [2]. When a call is made, the address of the function is fetched as a subroutine. Arduino uses various libraries for various operations. All libraries are mainly populated with numerous kinds of functions that are used for different applications. Some of the great advantages of function in the context of Arduino programming language are listed as follows: A function is a tool through which the program can be conceptualized easily and the program looks organized.It reduces the chances of error that may occur in a large program segment and hence reduces the robustness of programming.It increases the reusability of the sketch, and the size of the code segment becomes smaller.
Graphical User Interface Elements
Published in Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, Software Solutions for Engineers and Scientists, 2018
Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton
Developer Studio creates a header file named resource.h which assigns numeric values to the program resources. The file is saved under the name “resource.h” and stored in the project’s main directory. The main source file must reference this header file in an include statement, such as: #include “resource.h”
A C++ application programming interface for co-evolutionary biased random-key genetic algorithms for solution and scenario generation
Published in Optimization Methods and Software, 2022
Beatriz Brito Oliveira, Maria Antónia Carravilla, José Fernando Oliveira, Maurício G. C. Resende
The changes in file Decoder.cpp described above were translated into corresponding developments within the function definitions in file Decoder.h. However, due to the design selected for the implementation of this algorithm, the user does not need to adapt the header file, as the function definitions are problem-independent. From the four functions described for this interface, only one is problem-dependent – matrixF–as it requires the translation of the chromosome and calculating the value resulting for each pair (solution, scenario). The remaining functions are problem-independent, and the user is not required to adapt them. Nevertheless, we decided to maintain them in this interface so that users that want to build on this work and experiment, e.g. different solution fitness criteria, can easily do so.
Using ant colony optimisation for improving the execution of material requirements planning for smart manufacturing
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2022
Gang Ke, Ruey-Shun Chen, Yeh-Cheng Chen, Shi Wang, Xin Zhang
All the related forms and files in the database can be divided into three categories: demand, supply and product information. Some tables are single main file, and some tables are multi-level architectures, depending on the normalisation project of the database such as main file and sub-file. The form files of demand class are F3460 – Forecast File, Sales Order Header File, Sales Order Detail File, Part List File (F3111) – Work Order Parts List, and the form files of supply class are inventory main file (F41021) – Item Location File, purchasing main file (F4301) – Purchase Order Header, Purchase Order Detail File, Work Order Master File, and Product Data File are Material Structure Table Main File (F3002) – Bill of Material File, Material Main File (F4101) – Item Master File, Material Branch File. After the calculation of MRP calculus, the material requirement planning module will store the output report in three form files, namely, supply and demand summary file (F3413) – MPS/MRP/DRP Summary File, low-order demand file (F3412) – MPS/MRP/DRP Lower Level File and message file (F3411) – MPS/MRP/DRP Message File (Xu and Duan 2019; Ding et al. 2019; Mittal, Khader, and Romero et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2018). Its architecture flow chart is shown in Figure 8.