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1 From dumb box to television that's alive
Published in Chris Forrester, The Business of Digital Television, 2013
while all-powerful Microsoft is pushing its Windows-CE technology as the operating system and solution for ‘broadcasting’ the web to television sets, cellular phones and perhaps even the wristwatch, Europe's cell-phone makers seem to have the edge with their Symbian consortium, using an advanced operating system (Epoc) based on that developed by hand-held computer specialists Psion. One challenge still to be overcome by all these mobile-based technologies, no matter how they operate, is the twin — and usually contradictory — demands of most users. On the one hand, users want small cellular devices; on the other, manufacturers want more functionality; and the moment you build-in a ‘TV’ screen you have an inherent drift towards bulk and high battery-power consumption.
Detection of Affective States of the Students in a Blended Learning Environment Comprising of Smartphones
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Subrata Tikadar, Samit Bhattacharya
In the fifteen lectures (lecture-2 to lecture-16), we collected both the EEG data (raw EEG signals and derived affective states) as well as the smartphone interaction data from the fifteen participants who wore the EPOC+. Later, we detected the affective states of each of the students using our model and compared the states with the sates detected by the EmotivPRO at the same time. It has been found that in 85.2% cases the states were similar. This high similarity indicates that our model is able to detect the affective states of the students of a blended learning environment. It may be noted here that the EmotivPRO calculates the states in hundred point rating scale, whereas our model detects these in two classes (“High/Low” for the “arousal” and “Positive/Negative” for “valence”). Therefore, we considered the arousal levels “more than fifty” detected by the EmotivPRO as “High” and “less than or equal to fifty” as “Low”. Similar consideration was made for comparing the valence levels. Table 5 represents a sample of the comparison study for the similarity calculation (data for one minute of a particular student has been shown as an example).