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Fundamentals of Database Technology and Database-Driven Web Applications
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Timothy Middelkoop, Paul J. Allen, David C. Green, Handbook of Web Based Energy Information and Control Systems, 2020
The above CREATE command creates a table named Water_Consumption. The table has four columns called ID, Measurement_Date, Measurement_Time and Gallons. The data types of these four columns are a text string of 20 characters, Date, Time and Double, respectively. The Date data type is usually input in the format of “MM/DD/YEAR” or “YEAR/MM/DD.” The Time data type is usually input in the format of HOUR:MINUTE:SECOND with the HOUR filed using a 24-hour clock. For example, “18:45:00” is input for 6pm, 45 minutes and 0 seconds.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Objectives, Stakeholders, and Future Research Opportunities
Published in Information Systems Management, 2022
Christian Meske, Enrico Bunde, Johannes Schneider, Martin Gersch
Research on information systems, so we argue, needs to respond to this challenge by fostering research on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which to date has been mostly investigated with a method-oriented focus for developers in computer science. Yet, explainability is a prerequisite for fair, accountable, and trustworthy AI (Abdul et al., 2018; Fernandez et al., 2019; Miller, 2019), eventually affecting how we manage, use, and interact with it. For instance, the absence of explainability implies that humans cannot conduct a risk or threat analysis, increasing the probability of undesirable behavior of the system. Further, our community’s “collective research efforts should advance human welfare” (Malhotra et al., 2013, p. 1270), which may be jeopardized by such non-explainable and hence possibly uncontrollable AI. Also, as future automation and decision support systems will be increasingly based on complex algorithms, information systems may use machine learning more often as an additional method for scientific research.
In favour of or against multi-lingual Q&A sites? Exploring the evidence from user and knowledge perspectives
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2021
Junfang Jia, Valeriia Tumanian, Guoqiang Li
In this paper, we conduct such an evidence-based data analysis3 and comparison between the Russian Stack Overflow (RSO) and the English Stack Overflow (ESO). We choose Stack Overflow as the subject site because it is the most successful and popular Q&A site for computer programming and it provides up-to-date data dump of the entire site information for public use and research. We choose Russian Stack Overflow because it is the largest multi-lingual Stack Overflow variant with sufficient users and posts for the comparative study. Inspired by the three major concerns we identify in our formative study of the user comments on the launch of multi-lingual Stack Overflow sites, we focus our analysis on three points. First, we study the risk of community split from the user perspective by analysing user registration, user reputation score, and user posting behaviour on RSO and ESO. Second, we study the knowledge needs and interests in English and Russian from the tag perspective by analysing tag frequency correlation and tag uniqueness between RSO and ESO. Third, we study the knowledge fragmentation and duplication issue from the cross-site linking perspective by analysing existing manual cross-site links by users and potential cross-site links that users are not aware of.
Global stabilisation for a class of upper-triangular nonlinear systems with unmodelled dynamics and time-delay
Published in International Journal of Control, 2020
Weihai Zhang, Ling-Rong Xue, Zhen-Guo Liu, Zong-Yao Sun
In this paper, we consider the nonlinear time-delay system where denotes the unmeasurable state and denotes the measurable state of the system. is the system input. is an odd integer. The time-varying delay is bounded and with δ being a known constant. For , is the unknown control coefficient and satisfies , where ε and are positive constants. The initial date , where is a given continuous function. For , is the continuous function. For system (2), we introduce the following assumptions.