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Using BIM for multi-trade prefabrication in construction
Published in Anil Sawhney, Mike Riley, Javier Irizarry, Construction 4.0, 2020
Mehrdad Arashpour, Ron Wakefield
The most effective safety risk control for MTP is elimination of risks as a significant portion of risks arising during construction are inherent to design and can be eliminated (Behm, 2005; Zou et al., 2016). Conditions leading to construction accidents are often identifiable during the design phase (Xiahou et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2016). Identification of design choices with inherent safety problems has been significantly facilitated by the use of BIM, as it enables analysis of all building elements and their relations in a single platform (Malekitabar et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2014). A number of studies have focused on development of BIM-based tools to identify violations of safety standards using rule-checking methods and to provide decision support in the early stages of construction (Poghosyan et al., 2018). The process requires safety rules to be translated into machine-interpretable language, and correlations between various building elements and safety rules need to be specified (Hongling, Yantao, Weisheng, and Yan, 2016). For instance, Cooke et al. (2008) developed a prototype for assisting design engineers in making safety-conscious decisions, utilizing argument trees to estimate the likelihood of a hazard based on certain design choices. Mirahadi et al. (2019) developed a framework for evaluating evacuation performance of a building using two risk indices, crowd simulation, and BIM in the format of IFC to assist designers in optimizing the building layout for better safety performance in case of an emergency. Yuan et al. (2019) created a Prevention through Design (PtD) knowledge base using safety design regulations, documents, and best practices.
Multiagent Systems and Potential Fields to Smoke Dispersion Applied to Evacuation Simulations: The Case of Kiss Nightclub
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Bruna A. Corrêa, Alessandro L. Bicho, Diana F. Adamatti
Crowd simulation is a complex system that seeks to represent the behavior and the movement of a crowd with visual graphic resources. There are many applications in this area; for example, in the enterprise industry, it is used to properly simulate the movement of a large number of virtual humans in movies or games (Cassol 2016), and to evaluate complex environments of difficult evacuations of a large concentration of people, such as the evacuation of a football stadium. We may also consider situations in which people or certain groups are in an emergency situation. In the crowd simulation, we find the concept of disindividualization that can be described as the situation in which individuals act in groups and are not seen as individuals, facilitating the antinormative behavior (Vilanova et al. 2017).
BIM-ABM simulation for emergency evacuation from conference hall, considering gender segregation and architectural design
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2021
Emergency evacuation or egress refers to the urgent movement of people from a dangerous place due to any threat or occurrence of a disastrous event (fire, flood etc.) (Bonabeau, 2002). It will cause many casualties, as it often leads to the death of people who are either crushed or trampled down by others; unfortunately, the frequency of such disasters is increasing. In this regard, simulation results can offer practical ways of minimizing the harmful consequences and present an optimal escape strategy. Indeed, several types of crowd simulation systems have been developed, such as flow dynamics-based simulations; cellular automata-based simulations, and agent-based simulations (Ren, Yang, & Jin, 2009). One of the most important places regarding crowd safety are the places of public assembly such as conference halls, cinemas, and theaters. Normally strangers come together in these halls with different ages and genders only for a few hours. Also, few maneuvers may be held in the conference halls compared with other kinds of buildings; so numerical simulation of emergency evacuation from these halls would be more important and vital. Many attempts have been made to simulate egress from indoor halls, but a limited number of them have addressed the place of people's sitting, gender segregation, architectural design, cultural aspects, and its role in the egress pattern. Meanwhile, in the construction industry, building information modeling (BIM) has been extensively utilized as a computer-aided design methodology. The feasibility to integrate human behavior simulation with the BIM technology has been introduced in the literature (Andrews, Yi, Krogmann, Senick, & Wener, 2011; Cheng & Gan, 2013), but there is still little effort to establish such an integration.