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Published in J. Rose, Water and the Environment, 2017
J. S. Alabaster, D. Calamari, V. Dethlefsen, H. Konemann, R. Lloyd, J. F. Solbé
Southgate (1932) measured the survival period of rainbow trout in tests lasting a few hours in the presence of p-cresol and phenol and mixtures of the two. He noticed that the behaviour of the fish was similar in the two toxicants and found that the effect of phenol and cresol on the very short-term (11—1212 min) survival of rainbow trout was additive. He also carried out similar tests with p-cresol and 2,6-xylenol and mixtures of the two. In this case the behaviour of the fish in the two toxicants was different, and he found that the toxicity of p-cresol was increased in the presence of xylenol, but that the converse was not true. Calculation of the 1-h LC50 values shows that the joint action of p-cresol and 2,6-xylenol in the ratio 1:1.5 of their respective l-hLC50 values was 1.5 times more than additive. Herbert (1962) compared the survival of rainbow trout at 9°C in simulated spent still gas liquors from a gas works and a coke oven, made up with a variety of monohydric phenols (including 13% p-cresol and 0.5% 2,6-xylenol), with the survival of fish in pure phenols; in one experiment the toxicity (in terms of p 24-h LC50) was respectively about 1.3 and 1.1 times that of phenol alone, and in another it was not significantly greater.
Electrochemistry of PUREX: R is for reduction and ion transfer
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2022
Erin R. Bertelsen, Mark R. Antonio, Mark P. Jensen, Jenifer C. Shafer
Nitric acid and Yb(NO3)3 were stripped from the Yb(III) third phase after five-fold dilution with n-dodecane and from the undiluted light organic phase prior to chemical analysis by contacting the organic phases three times with 2 volumes of water. The strip solutions were combined and analyzed in the same manner as the aqueous phase. The HNO3 concentration was determined by potentiometric titration using a standardized NaOH solution after dilution with 0.2 M (NH4)2C2O4 to mask Yb. The Yb(III) concentration was determined by titration with EDTA using xylenol orange as an indicator.[51] The water contents of the light and heavy organic phases were measured directly (without Yb stripping or phase dilution) via Karl Fischer titration using a Mettler Toledo DL39 Karl Fischer Coulometer, Hydranal Coulomat AG and CG titrants, and H2C2O4·2H2O as the standard. The TBP concentrations of the light and heavy organic phases were determined as previously described.[52]
Blood oxidative stress and post-exercise recovery are unaffected byhypobaric and hypoxic environments
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Cassie M. Williamson-Reisdorph, Tiffany S. Quindry, Kathryn G. Tiemessen, John Cuddy, Walter Hailes, Dustin Slivka, Brent C. Ruby, John C. Quindry
Plasma LOOH were quantified using the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay. Plasma samples were incubated in the presence or absence of a reducing agent and incubated with a colourimetric work solution containing ferrous ammonium sulphate, butylated hydroxytolene, and xylenol orange. During the assay reaction, oxidized ferrous ions oxidize the ferrous sensitive dye contained in xylenol orange to form a quantifiable complex that was measured via absorbance spectroscopy at 595 nm. Final LOOH concentrations in unknown blood plasma samples were derived using a cumene hydroperoxide standard reaction (Nourooz-Zadeh, 1999). Blood plasma 8-ISO concentrations were quantified by a commercially available specific immunoassay enzyme (EIA) (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbour, MI) and assay procedures were performed according to manufacturer instructions (Montuschi et al., 1999).
Demonstration of Aqueous Reprocessing of U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr Metallic Alloy Fuels Using an Ejector Mixer-settler with Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate (TBP) as the Extractant
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2021
B Sreenivasulu, S. Rajeswari, A. Suresh, N. Sivaraman
Uranium, plutonium, zirconium, and nitric acid in aqueous and organic samples were analysed by suitable analytical methods (Table 1). The analytical method was chosen based on the concentration of the analyte in the sample. Prior to the analysis of unknown samples, all the methods were validated using standard solutions in our laboratory. The interferences from other solutes were also verified when analysing solutions contain more than one solute. Zr does not interfere in the analysis of U and Pu by potentiometry. Uranium does not interfere in the estimation of Zr by complexometric titration using EDTA as the titrant and xylenol orange as the indicator.[38] However, Pu interferes in the estimation of Zr by complexometric titration. Therefore, Zr in the presence of Pu was estimated by spectrometry after reducing Pu to Pu(III).[11] Uranium in the μg range was estimated by spectrophotometry by using Br-PADAP as chromogenic agent and this method can tolerate Pu and Zr up to ten times of uranium concentration.[36] Plutonium in the μg range was estimated by spectrophotometry by using thorin as the chromogenic agent and this method can tolerate uranium and zirconium upto ten times of plutonium concentration. Zr in the μg range was estimated by spectrophotometry by using xylenol orange as the chromogenic agent.[11] Uranium doesn’t interfere in this method and the interference of Pu was avoided by the addition of ascorbic acid to reduce Pu(IV) to Pu(III).