China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Interfacial Catalysis at Oil/Water Interfaces
Published in Alexander G. Vdlkdv, Interfacial Catalysis, 2002
Addition of such carbanions to chloroacetylene results in the introduction of an ethynyl substituent. The reaction consists in addition of PT-generated carbanions to chloroacetylene produced in situ via PT-catalyzed β-elimination of HCl from vinylidene chloride, followed by β-elimination of HCl from the initial adduct. The reaction should be carried out in ethyl ether, which forms a nonexplosive complex with chloroacetylene:
Volatile Organic Compounds at Urban Sites in New Jersey
Published in Paul J. Lioy, Joan M. Daisey, Toxic Air Pollution, 1987
Ronald Harkov, Barbara Kebbekus, Joseph W. Bozzelli
The vinylidene chloride results from this study are somewhat of a surprise. Singh et al. (1981a,b; 1982) have identified vinylidene chloride in a number of urban areas throughout the U.S. in the 1 to 50 ppt range, which is lower than reported here. In the present study, mass spectrometry positively identified vinylidene chloride in all samples in which gas chromatography detection was also noted. A statewide survey of industries in New Jersey has only been successful in locating three small to intermediate users of vinylidene chloride. Thus we have no satisfactory explanation for the presence, in relatively high concentrations, of vinylidene chloride in the New Jersey urban atmosphere. Vinylidene chloride is formed commercially from the dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane or 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Both of these substances are high-use compounds in New Jersey, with 1,1,1-trichloroethane occurring in the 1 to 5 ppb range, in ambient air (J. Bozzelli, unpublished). There thus remains the possibility that vinylidene chloride is formed either in the atmosphere or on Tenax-GC, as an artifact, from 1,1,1-trichloroethane dehydrochlorination. However, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is thought to be recalcitrant in the atmosphere (Singh et al., 1981a), thus leaving the vinylidene chloride issue uncertain. Obviously, additional studies are needed to resolve this problem as it relates to vinylidene chloride sources and sampling utilizing Tenax-GC cartridges.
Surface species structure of deactivated catalyst for dehydrochlorination of trichloroethane
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Xiang Ge, Haitao Shen, Jigang Zhao, Shiyong Wu
Vinylidene chloride, also known as VDC, could be used as a raw material for the production of PVDC, which was widely used in high-quality food packaging (Singh et al. 2022). PVDC had high crystallinity and air tightness, so it had excellent oxygen and water vapor barrier properties and was irreplaceable for other barrier materials. At present, the supply of polyvinylidene chloride was in short supply so the research on its production is particularly important (Hwang, Yi, and Chun 2021). In addition, VDC could also be used as a raw material for the production of VDF, which was a rising product (Ardimas et al.).