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Alternatives to Glycerine in Cosmetics
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
Osipow [46] carried out a series of tests on sodium lactate/lactic acid systems and showed moisture loss to be comparable to glycerine in a variety of cosmetic emulsions. Only in antiperspirant creams and lotions was the humectant performance definitely inferior to glycerine. It is assumed this is due to the formation of aluminum lactate. The conclusions reached by the author include the following: Sodium lactate is an effective humectant in cosmetic preparations. It is generally compatible with other cosmetic ingredients and it does not increase the difficulty of preparing stable emulsions.Sodium lactate, in combination with lactic acid, has a further advantage in that it serves as a buffer, as well as a humectant.Sodium lactate is an economical replacement for glycerine and other more conventional humectants.
Lactate as an effective electron donor in the sulfate reduction: impacts on the microbial diversity
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Angélica Marcia dos Santos, Josiel Martins Costa, Juliana Kawanishi Braga, Theodore M. Flynn, Gunther Brucha, Giselle Patricia Sancinetti, Renata Piacentini Rodriguez
Six 1.0 L-fed-batch borosilicate bottle reactors were loaded with 50 mL of granular sludge (39 ± 2 g-SSV L−1) and 700 mL of synthetic wastewater, resulting in 2.8 ± 0.1 g-SSV L−1 per reactor. During the operation, the reactors were kept at 30 °C in an incubator shaker at a 0.5 g centrifugal force (48 h cycle time for 88 days). The cultures were fed and drained three times a week. The granular sludge used as inoculum was acquired from a bench-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor for AMD treatment that had been in operation for 200 days and used ethanol as an electron donor [14]. The electron donors were cheese whey, ethanol, and sodium lactate at ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. At the beginning of each cycle, the sulfate concentration was set to 1500 mg-sulfate L−1 to achieve a ratio of 1.0 and 3000 mg-COD L−1 for a ratio of 2.0. The bioreactors were named according to the electron donors (Cheese whey, Ethanol, or Lactate) and ratio (1 or 2).
The high expression of Aspergillus pseudoglaucus protease in Escherichia coli for hydrolysis of soy protein and milk protein
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Haiyan Liu, Rongzhen Zhang, Lihong Li, Lixian Zhou, Yan Xu
Protease activity was measured by a modification method of Sun and Deng.[20,21] The enzymes were assayed using casein as a substrate. The reaction was performed by the addition of an appropriate amount of purified protein to 0.1 mL 1% casein (w/v) in 0.1 M lactic acid-sodium lactate buffer (pH 3.0) at 30 °C for 3 min. Trichloroacetic acid solution (0.125 mL, 10% (w/v)) was added to stop the reaction. The reaction mixture was incubated on ice for 10 min and then centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 15 min. The supernatant (50 μL) was added to 0.4 M Na2CO3 (0.25 mL). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent solution was added to the above mixture and incubated at 30 °C for 20 min to obtain tyrosine coloration, which was monitored at 680 nm. The blank control was an enzyme-free buffer (solvent of purified enzyme) and the operations were consistent with the sample. One unit (U) of protease activity was defined as the amount of enzyme that produced 1 μg tyrosin per minute. The specific activity was defined as U/mg protein.
Sodium bicarbonate supplementation and the female athlete: A brief commentary with small scale systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Bryan Saunders, Luana Farias de Oliveira, Eimear Dolan, Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Lars McNaughton, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Paul Alan Swinton
An electronic search of the literature was undertaken using three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus) to identify relevant articles. The search was originally conducted to inform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of extracellular buffers on exercise outcomes. The search terms “sodium bicarbonate”, “sodium citrate”, “calcium lactate”, “sodium lactate” and “alkalosis” were individually concatenated with “supplementation”, “exercise”, “training”, “athlete” and “performance”. Following duplicate removal, a 2-phase search strategy (title/abstract; full text) was employed by two independent reviewers (LFO and ED) using freely available software – Rayyan QCRI (Ouzzani, Hammady, Fedorowicz, & Elmagarmid, 2016). A final search was completed in February 2020.