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Pneumatic Systems
Published in Anton H. Hehn, Fluid Power Troubleshooting, 1995
In order to control or regulate the air pressure downstream of the receiver tank, a pressure regulator is utilized. A pressure regulator is a pressure-reducing valve and consists of a valve body with inlet and outlet connections, and a moving member which controls the size of the opening between the inlet and outlet. It is a normally open valve, which means that air is normally allowed to flow freely through the unit. With the regulator connected after the receiver tank, air from the receiver flows freely through the valve to a point downstream of the outlet connection. When pressure in the outlet of the regulator increases, it is transmitted through a pilot passage to a piston or diaphragm area which is opposed by a spring. The area over which the pilot pressure signal acts is rather large, which makes the unit responsive to the outlet pressure fluctuations. When the controlled (regulated) pressure nears the preset force level, the piston or diaphragm moves upward, allowing the poppet or spool to move toward its seat, thereby controlling the flow (increasing the resistance). The poppet or spool blocks flow once it seats and does not allow pressure to continue building downstream. In this way, air at a controlled pressure is made available to an actuator.
Applications of mechanical systems and technology
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
The receiving vessel is equipped with a pressure switch which cuts out the compressor motor when the supply pressure is reached and restarts it when the pressure falls. In addition, it is fitted with a safety valve which will open should the pressure switch fail to operate. A pressure regulator adjusts the supply pressure to that required at the point of application. As with hydraulic systems, a manual or automatic control valve directs compressed air to the actuation cylinder from which it is exhausted to the atmosphere.
Sanitary Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
Float-actuated gates and valves: The excess flow in the sewer can also be controlled by means of automatic mechanical regulators. These are actuated by the float depending upon the water level in the sump interconnected to the sewers. As moving part is involved in this, regular maintenance of this regulator is essential.
Experimental and numerical analysis of film cooling performance of a corrugated surface
Published in Experimental Heat Transfer, 2022
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Dushyant Singh, Niranjan Sahoo
The schematic layout in Figure 1 shows the experimental setup designed for the film cooling study. The experimental setup consists of a centrifugal blower, open circuit subsonic wind tunnel, reciprocating compressor, storage tank, mainstream heating arrangement, and test section mounted with various measuring instruments such as infrared camera, and thermocouples, pitot tube, etc. The detailed layout of the experimental setup in Figure 1 shows the arrangements and mountings of various heaters, wind tunnel accessories, and other components used in the present study. The suction-type wind tunnel is connected with a centrifugal blower with a capacity of 5 HP. The stream of coolant air is drawn from secondary air from a tank connected to a dual-stage reciprocating compressor. The compressed air is stored in the compressor tank, and before passing through the pressure regulator, the air is filtered and dehumidified. The pressure regulator and air filter are mounted just upstream of the mass flow regulator. The pressure regulator can be operated in the pressure range of (0–10 bar). The compressed air is then passed through the mass flow controller. The flow rate of secondary air is controlled by a mass flow controller with a flow rate range of 0–3000 SLPM (Alicat-MCR-3000SLPM-D-PAR).
Flow accelerated corrosion of carbon steel containing chromium under water chemistry conditions of boiling water reactor applying mitigation techniques of corrosive environment
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2022
Kazushige Ishida, Yoichi Wada, Takayuki Shimaoka, Ryosuke Shimizu
Corrosion testing was conducted using the high temperature and high pressure loop shown in Figure 1. Pure water was stored in a water tank and continuously passed through an ion exchange resin column using a circulation pump to maintain the electrical conductivity of pure water at 10 μS m−1 or less. Dissolved oxygen concentration was controlled to the test conditions by bubbling nitrogen and oxygen into pure water. The electrical conductivity was continuously measured with an electrical conductivity meter, and the dissolved oxygen was continuously measured with a dissolved oxygen meter. Water controlled to the test conditions (test water) was supplied using a high pressure metering pump. The water was heated as it passed through a heat exchanger and heater, before passing through the test section. Pressure was adjusted by the pressure regulator. The flow rate was measured with a flow meter downstream from the pressure regulator. The test water that passed through the test section was cooled to room temperature with the heat exchanger and a cooler. After depressurization, impurities contained in the test water were removed using the ion exchange resin column and returned to the water tank.
Leaching of coals with subcritical water
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
E. Sultan Giray, Tayfun Hüyükpınar, Özgür Sönmez
The experiments were carried out in a self-built continuous pressurized flow reactor system. The system includes a 316-stainless steel tubular reactor (ID: 6.8 mm, OD = 9.53 mm and length: 300 mm) placed in a temperature programmable oven. The reactor contained sea sand at both ends and equipped with 10−2 mm frit at the inlet and outlet which was connected to a 100 cm-cooling loop outside of the oven. The system was equipped with a back-pressure regulator. The water was sonicated to remove dissolved oxygen and then was used in an HPLC pump programmed for a constant flow of 1 mL/min. A 100 cm long pre-heated coil was used to equilibrate the water to the desired temperature. A picture of leaching equipment is given in Figure 1. In a typical run, 3 g of coal sample was loaded into the reactor. An extraction time 60 min for static leaching (at a certain pressure, a fixed amount of subcritical water interacts with the coal) and 30 min was used for dynamic leaching (fresh subcritical water is continuously passed over coal). All test variables are given in Table 2. During the leaching with acid solutions at subcritical water conditions, the acid solution was well mixed before using. Acid solutions are prepared from oxalic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and BF3 at 1 M concentration.