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Enhancing Uptake and Translocation of Systemic Active Ingredients
Published in Chester L. Foy, David W. Pritchard, and Adjuvant Technology, 2018
Roger J. Field, Farhad Dasigheib
In comparison to the amount of work on the effect of adjuvants on the performance of foliar applied pesticides, especially herbicides, relatively little work has been reported on soil-applied compounds. However, a review of literature indicates that adjuvants can affect the selectivity and behavior of certain herbicides in soil. The addition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil contributed to improved selectivity of acifluorfen and oxyfluorfen in several crops without any effect on weed control.1 A study on the movement of herbicides in columns containing fine sand showed that three humic substances and a synthetic polymer were only marginally effective in reducing leaching of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and bromacil (5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione).5 Leaching of simazine, however, was significantly decreased in the presence of adjuvants. Another study reported an increase in solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons by both biosurfactants, which are produced by microorganisms, and commercial surfactants.60
Physical Properties of Agrochemicals
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Synonyms: Borea; Bromax; Bromax 4G; Bromax 4L; Bromazil; 5-Bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil; 5-Bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)-2,4(1H3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)uracil; Cynogan; Du Pont herbicide 976; Eerex granular weed killer; Eerex water-soluble concentrate weed killer; Herbicide 976; Hyvar; Hyvarex; Hyvar X; Hyvar × Bromacil; Hyvar XL; Hyvar × weed killer; Hyvar X-WS; Krovar I; Krovar II; Nalkil; Uragan; Uragon; Urox B; Urox B water-soluble concentrate weed killer; Uron HX; Urox HX granular weed killer; Weed Blast.
Pyrimidine derivative-based cyanide-free silver electroplating bath
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2022
Atiqah Binti Jasni, Sachio Yoshihara, Fumio Aiki, Hideki Watanabe
In recent years 2,4-pyrimidinedione (Uracil) has been one of the pyrimidine derivatives giving a growing interest as a complexing agent for cyanide-free silver plating baths. Xie et al.11 reported that Uracil as a complexing agent in cyanide-free silver plating, could produce a good silver deposit on copper substrates without requiring a separate silver strike process. J. Christophe et al.12 achieved adherent and ductile silver deposits on copper- and nickel-coated copper substrates. However, these solutions show lower performance than that of cyanide baths concerning the quality of the deposit, stability of the solution and cost of chemicals, especially when Uracil was used as a complexing agent in a cyanide-free silver plating bath. In addition, 5-methyluracil (Thymine),13 a pyrimidine derivative like Uracil, can bind with the metal ions in high pH solution. However, due to low solubility in water, the use of Thymine as a complexing agent in cyanide-free silver plating bath has not been investigated.