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Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Cs Decontamination
Published in Yannick Guari, Joulia Larionova, Prussian Blue-Type Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites, 2019
Akira Takahashi, Hisashi Tanaka, Tohru Kawamoto
Micromixing, which can be used for synthesizing uniform particles from liquid phase, is categorized as a flow method with mixing of two solutions in a Y (or T) type mixer with less than 1 mm internal diameter. The reaction starts at the micromixer junction and proceeds with flow in the tube. Micromixing has three salient advantages for nanoparticle synthesis. The first is high efficiency of mixing because of the small mixing volumes of the junction and tube. The second is immediate supersaturation of the target material because of the rapid mixing speed, promoting crystal nucleation. The third is ease of adaptation to mass synthesis. The former two are suitable for nanoparticle synthesis.
Combined microfluidics and drying processes for the continuous production of micro-/nanoparticles for drug delivery: a review
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Ankit Patil, Pritam Patil, Sagar Pardeshi, Preena Shrimal, Norma Rebello, Popat B. Mohite, Aniruddha Chatterjee, Arun Mujumdar, Jitendra Naik
Microfluidics is in a surging demand area where the minute fluid volume is controlled inside a microscale geometry. A microfluidic device is developed comprising several components having diverse capabilities and merged into a tiny device. Thus, this single device can execute many functions like sampling, synthesizing, and testing. Also, it may be used for a better understanding of complex biological fluids or to exercise control over various therapeutic components.[6] Usually, microfluidics is used for continuous processes. However, the microfluidic technology employed in the experiment is generally inefficient in manufacturing and challenging to scale up.[7] The crucial function in any microfluidic system is micromixing. This micromixing is usually accomplished using microstructured mixing devices called micromixers.[8]
Interactions of mixing and reaction kinetics of depolymerization of cellulose to renewable fuels
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
Fundamental mixing mechanisms are categorized based on the size of the interacting species, i.e., tiny particles or agglomerates. Thus, macromixing, mesomixing, and micromixing are considered to be three major mixing scales. Macromixing condition arises due to turbulent motion of the particles (Baldyga and Bourne, 1992). The process of mixing on the reactor scale is called as “macromixing.” The concentration fluctuations rendered by the surrounding eddies during macromixing decides the mesomixing and micromixing patterns under the effect of turbulence which is responsible for the variations in the properties of eddies instantaneously. The concentration of eddies varies continuously in the adjacent circular loops due to the exchange of species from one loop to the other. The larger eddies formed at different locations disintegrate into tiny species by inertial–convective process of disintegration of larger eddies. Inertial–convective mixing does not have any direct effect on molecular mixing, but it imparts a reasonable impact on micromixing process. Micromixing involves the interaction of species at molecular level. It is the last of the turbulent mixing stages which consists of viscous–convective diffusion of species followed by molecular diffusion. The process accelerates the molecular diffusion by dominant viscous–convective forces spatially considered as an important feature of micromixing phenomenon. In some cases, engulfment controls the micromixing processes and therefore the effect of diffusion does not have any impact on the micromixing processes. In such a situation, reaction kinetics helps in determining the spatial distribution of individual species within the control loop (Baldyga and Pohorecki, 1995). Micromixing and mesomixing interactions can be described by general E-model ashere ⟨Ci⟩ and Xi represent averaged concentration of components and local volumetric distribution of the fluid carrying the components respectively. The averaged value of E in Equation (1) signifies the extent of mass transfer between the fluid elements of concentration ⟨Ci⟩. Mesomixing controls the process when the concentrations in the fluid are identical to the concentrations in the adjacent fluid elements. In contrast, micromixing controls the process when the compositions in the adjacent layer of fluid elements are different (Baldyga and Bourne, 1989).