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Extraction, Isolation and Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Waste
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Narashans Alok Sagar, Sunil Sharma, Sunil Pareek
Isolation is very crucial for the recovery of potential and beneficial bioactive compounds from horticulture waste. Mango peel is a high-magnitude waste obtained from processing of mango into diverse products or consumption by humans directly after ripening. The bioactive compounds were extracted by using acetone (80 per cent) from raw mango and ripe mango fruits followed by their acid hydrolysis. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a reverse phase C18 column (Shimadzu, Model LC-10A) and a diode array detector (operating at 280 nm and 320 nm) was used to identify the phenolic substances present in the peel. The results revealed the presence of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and gentisic acid in the peel extract. Besides this Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) have been applied to identify the diverse range of phenolic acid derivatives obtained from acetone-based extract from the peel of ripened and raw mango and other compounds, such as mangiferin, ellagic acid, gentisyl-protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid and quercetin. In addition, glycosylated iriflophenone, derivative of maclurin, were found in raw mango peel samples. Furthermore, β-carotene, violaxanthin and lutein were also identified in the mango peel (Ajila et al. 2010). Mango peel also contains 40 per cent (w/v) reducing sugars. Therefore, supplementation of peel medium with diverse nutrients viz. yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), peptone and wheat bran extract can be used for ethanol production. Direct fermentation of mango peel extract and the nutrient-supplemented mango peel medium could lead to the production of 5.13 per cent (w/v) and 7.14 per cent (w/v) of ethanol, respectively (Reddy et al. 2011).
Cotton dyeing performance enhancing mechanism of mangiferin enriched bio-waste by transition metals chelation
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
M. Tauhidul Islam, Md Luthfar Rahman Liman, Manindra Nath Roy, Md. Milon Hossain, Md. Reazuddin Repon, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
Mango seed kernel extracts intrinsically contain mangiferin and different polyphenolic chromophores such as hydrolysable tannin, flavonoids (quercetin), betacyanin and saponin. The fixation of these MEC into cotton ranges from 56 to 71%. Pre-modification of cotton fabric was performed using different transition metallic salts to enhance the adsorption of the chromophores. Metallic salts reoriented the molecular structure (TCI, LOI, HBI, EH, R) of cotton and improved the amorphous assemblies of the cellulosic chain. As a result, a higher amount of MEC were absorbed with the metallic cotton surface. Among the metal treated cotton samples, ferrous (II) sulfate treated cotton has improved chromophores bonding and exhibited a maximum color strength value of 7.2. Additionally, dyeing with an electrolyte (5 g/L of Na2SO4. 10H2O), neutralized the negative charge of the cellulose surface and increased the exhaustion of chromophores into cotton. Pretreatment of metallic salts and electrolytes resulted in different colorimetric properties of cotton. The colorfastness properties of the MEC dyed cotton fabrics were also found to be excellent and comparable to other natural dyeing processes.
Horticultural crops as natural therapeutic plants for the therapy of diabetes mellitus
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Balikis Oluwakemi Mustapha, Olufemi Temitope Ademoyegun, Rabiat Shola Ahmed
This belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, genus Mangifera. The active compound present in all parts of mango is mangiferin, which has the potential of inhibiting the key enzymes associated in the metabolism of glucose as declared by Ganogpichayagrai et al. [38]. In addition, it is a good source of phenolic acids (caffeic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid), carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and organic acid [39]. The stem bark’s ethanolic extract of M. indica demonstrated a gradual decrease in sugar absorption in the gut of rats with type II diabetes. Therefore, it exhibits an anti-hyperglycemic effect [40]. According to reports, the mango peel is an abundant source of phytochemicals like carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenols and dietary fiber. Addition of mango peel powder at 5% and 10% in the diet of diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzyme and prevented hyperglycemia. This may be due to the action of the bioactive compounds and dietary fiber [41]. Saleem et al. [21] noticed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of mango leaves of 550–950 mg/kg was administered to diabetic-induced rats for 7 consecutive days and it prevented rise in the fasting blood glucose. It also revealed that in diabetic rats, the extract had a protective impact on the pancreas by reducing the damage to ß-cells and restoring the pancreatic structure. Also, an increase in body weight was reported. The findings of Azhar et al. [42] on the ethanol extract of mango seed revealed a substantial reduction in fasting blood sugar levels at 200 mg/kg administered for 21 days in diabetic induced rats as opposed to the control. This could be due to the existence of flavonoids, phenolic acid in the mango seed. Hence, the presence of mangiferin in mango supports to alleviate the risk of diabetes.