China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
P
Published in Joseph C. Salamone, Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, 2020
The vehicles of UV or EB curing inks are not very different. They are based on acrylate-type macromonomers and monomers. The most widely used macromonomers are epoxy-acrylates, polyester-acrylates, oligourethane-acrylates and poly ether-acrylates. The monomers play the role of reactive diluents and contribute to the final film properties, so they constitute an important part of the radiation formulation. In the first formulations of UV or EB curing inks and varnishes in the 1970s, some problems of irritability were observed, owing to the impurities present in the monomers used. Today, these drawbacks have been almost completely eliminated, even if special operating conditions are required concerning the handling of these products. The monomers typically used in these formulations are isodecyl acrylate (IDA) or phenoxy-ethyl acrylate (PEEA), which are monofunctional; tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), which bears two polymerizable sites; and pentarythritol triacrylate (PETA) or trimethylol propane triacrylate, which are the most apt to give high crosslink densities because of their high functionality.
Macromonomers
Published in Eric J. Goethals, Telechelic Polymers: Synthesis and Applications, 2018
Interest in the macromonomer method has recently increased to prepare tailor-made graft copolymers.1–5 The term “macromonomer” is abbreviated from “macromolecular monomer” and defined as a polymer or oligomer having a polymerizable group at a chain end. The polymerizable group may be an unsaturation (vinylic or acrylic group), a heterocycle for ring-opening polymerization, and also dicarboxyl or dihydroxyl groups for step-growth polymerization. By using the macromonomer method, it should be easy to control the number and length of branches and to combine variable backbones and branches in graft copolymers. Thus, in the last decade, the macromonomer method should be mentioned as one of the most promising topics in the field of polymer synthesis.
Telechelic Polyethers by Living Polymerizations and Precise Macromolecular Engineering
Published in Sophie M. Guillaume, Handbook of Telechelic Polyesters, Polycarbonates, and Polyethers, 2017
Pierre J. Lutz, Bruno Ameduri, Frédéric Peruch
Macromonomers constitute a specific class of functional oligomers or polymers decorated at least at one chain end with polymerizable entities [10]. As in the case of telechelics, these functions can be at one or both chain ends. They can also be present along the chain, or at the outer ends of the arms of star-shaped polymers, of the branches of dendrimers or of hyperbranched species.
Self-assembly as a key player for materials nanoarchitectonics
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Katsuhiko Ariga, Michihiro Nishikawa, Taizo Mori, Jun Takeya, Lok Kumar Shrestha, Jonathan P. Hill
Grubbs and co-workers reported nanoarchitectonics strategy for the self-assembly of polymers having tailored distributions of grafting sites by grafting in ring-opening metathesis polymerization [166]. Sequences of polymer backbone and side chain distribution were regulated by copolymerization of an ω-norbornenyl macromonomer and norbornenyl comonomers as diluents including polystyrene, poly(d,l-lactide), and polydimethylsiloxane macromonomers. On the basis of differences of reactivity ratios between macromonomer and diluent controls, the backbone sequences as blocky, gradient, or random as well as graft diblock polymer structures with tapered, uniform, and inverse-tapered molecular shapes. Self-assembly of these polymers creates nanoarchitectonic structures with different lamellar periods and domain thicknesses. Because of general applicability of the proposed method, it can be applied for various types of polymer materials and their assemblies possibly for future extensive customization.