China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Electrodeposition Techniques: Practical Aspects
Published in R.K. Pandey, S.N. Sahu, S.N. Sahu, S. Chandra, Handrook Of Semiconductor Electrodeposition, 2017
R.K. Pandey, S.N. Sahu, S.N. Sahu, S. Chandra
Impurities have been reported to inhibit the electrodeposition from certain molten salt systems. Of the various molten salt systems available, the halides and the cryolite melts have been extensively employed to grow films of semiconductors. The halide melt LiCl + KC1 has a melting point of ~628 K. Lithium chloride in this melt is very sensitive to water hydrolysis. The deposit morphology is strongly influenced by the hydrolysis product. Careful drying of the eutectic is therefore essential. The LiCl + KC1 melt can be purified by treatment with HO, then dry Cl2, preelectrolysis at 2.7 V, and finally filtration (Laitinen et al. 1957; Inman et al. 1960). The eutectic melt FLINAK (LiF + NaF + KF) can be purified to remove water and oxygen by comelting under vacuum with HF and preelectrolysis at 3 V (Townsend 1976; Mamantov 1969). The removal of H2O is necessary as it causes the undesirable presence of HF. The FLINAK bath is known to be an oxide scavenger, so any oxide formed over the substrate will be removed.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
With remaining binary salts, you have to look them up to determine the hazard of a particular salt. For example, when lithium metal is combined with chlorine, the resulting compound has a metal and a nonmetal other than oxygen, and the name ends in “ide.” Therefore, it fits the definition of a binary salt. If lithium chloride is researched in reference sources, it is found to be soluble in water. It is not water reactive; in fact, lithium chloride doesn’t present any significant hazard in a spill. The DOT does not list lithium chloride on its hazardous materials tables.
Tracers
Published in Werner Käss, Tracing Technique in Geohydrology, 2018
Because of its exothermal reaction, lithium chloride is easily dissoluble in water. At 20°C the solubility of lithium is 832 g, at 60°C 984 g per litre water (Ullmann 1978, 1988). If a large amount of lithium chloride is to be injected, it should not be dissolved in plastic containers, since plastic can warp at high temperatures. To avoid lumps when dissolving the lithium chloride, it should be added slowly to the solvent under constant stirring.
Lithium Isotope Enrichment Effects in Liquid Metal/Chloride Molten Salt System
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
Ryo Ito, Fu Nomoto, Yasuyuki Ogino, Keisuke Mukai, Juro Yagi
Chemical exchange systems have the clear advantage of low energy consumption for 6Li enrichment, compared with other methods. Potential chemical exchange systems are gas/liquid, gas/solid, liquid/solid, and liquid/liquid systems.[4] The gas form is ideal for the isotope separation process,[13] but high temperatures are required for stable lithium compounds to become gas phase, as the boiling point of lithium chloride is 1655 K. Liquid/solid and liquid/liquid systems are realistic options for 6Li enrichment. Liquid/liquid systems can be operated continuously and are easier to scale up than liquid/solid systems. The COLEX process, a large-scale industrialized liquid/liquid system, achieved mass production of more than 90% enriched 6Li by running a countercurrent column.[11] Therefore, a liquid/liquid system is expected to be the primary candidate for 6Li enrichment.