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General introduction
Published in Abdulai Salifu, Fluoride Removal from Groundwater by Adsorption Technology, 2017
Death may occur, usually from either respiratory paralysis or dysrhythmia (i.e. changes in the regular beat of the heart) or cardiac arrest, when the fluoride dose reach very high levels (Table 1.1) (Firempong et al., 2013; Shomar et al., 2004; Gessner et al., 1994). For instance, a typical case of human fatality in an Alaskan village in the United States of America (USA) due to acute fluoride poisoning was reported in 1994, where the concentration of the ingested fluoride was believed to be 150 mg F/L (Gessner et al., 1994).
Anti-apoptotic effect of a static magnetic field in human cells that had been treated with sodium fluoride
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek, Agnieszka Synowiec-Wojtarowicz, Agata Krawczyk, Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs, Stanisław Gawron, Monika Paul-Samojedny, Joanna Gola
The presence of fluoride ions at low concentrations is necessary for the proper functioning of the body, primarily for the development of teeth and bones.[8,9] However, due to the high level of fluorine compounds in nature, their presence in food and their use in dental prophylaxis, attention should be paid to the possibility of suffering from chronic fluoride poisoning.[9] Toxicity of fluoride includes: neurotoxicity, lung and cardio toxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. These actions are related with induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis process by this element.[10] The occupational exposure to fluoride occurs i.e. in the production of aluminum. In addition, people working in such place are also exposed to static magnetic field. Moreover, it has been shown that exposure to a mix of chemical and physical factors is more danger than exposure to these factors individually.[11] Hence the question - whether and how static magnetic field changes the effects of fluoride on human cells.
Defluoridization of drinking water by electrocoagulation (EC): process optimization and kinetic study
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
In India groundwater is used without purification for drinking purpose. However, in recent time, presence of fluoride, iron, arsenic, chromium, and similar carcinogenic ions with concentration more than WHO permissible limits in underground water in different part of India has been reported.[1] Consumption of drinking water contaminated by these ions for longer time is a severe major health concern. In some cases, a ground water source is also declared unsafe for human consumption as well as for industrial needs and irrigation. Among these carcinogenic ions, Fluoride ions (F-) contamination in groundwater in excess of 1 mg/L can prompt different illness for example osteoporosis, joint inflammation, weak bones, cancer, and infertility in women, brain damage, Alzheimer’s syndrome and thyroid disorder. However intake of fluoride under 1 mg/L counteracts skeletal issues and dental caries.[2] According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the optimum limit of fluoride concentration in drinking water should be less than 1.5 mg/L.[2, 3] Contamination of fluoride ions in ground water occurs from natural sources and discharge of industrial wastewater. Natural sources include the erosion and weathering of fluoride- bearing minerals like fluorite (CaF2), apatite (Ca5 [PO4]3(Cl, F, OH), topaz Al2F2[SiO4]), simple halides such as carobbite (KF), silicates such as muscovite (KAl2(OH,F)2[AlSi3O10]) and a range of amphibole and mica minerals.[4] The discharge of industrial wastewater, such as semiconductor industries, aluminum industries and glass manufacturing industries also contributes fluoride poisoning in the groundwater.[4]