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Phenolic Compounds potential health Benefits and toxicity
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Deep Jyoti Bhuyan, Amrita Basu
The bioavailability of glycosides of eriodictyol (a type of flavanone), present in lemons, has never been studied in humans (D’Archivio et al. 2007). According to the studies of Bugianesi et al. (2002), Cmax values for flavanone metabolites are usually measured after five hours of ingestion for any kind of citrus fruit as this is the time required for hydrolysis of the rhamnoglycosides hesperidin, naringin and narirutin by the human microflora, before the aglycones are absorbed in the colon. But, when tomato paste was ingested, which contains naringeninaglycon as aglycones, the Cmax was reached at a more rapid rate of only two hours.
The biological and therapeutic potentials of Cyclotrichium genus: a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Homayoon Yazdanshenas, Majid Tafrihi
Studies have revealed that essential oils of Cyclotrichium are rich in phenolic and alcoholic compounds and monoterpenes (Kilic et al. 2007). α-pinene and β-pinene (bicyclic monoterpenes) (Figure 2), is a major chemical compound in Cyclotrichium plants (Kilic et al. 2007). Cyclic monoterpenes such as Limonene (Figure 2) and Pulegone (Figure 2) and non-cyclic monoterpenes such as terpinene have been purified from Cyclotrichium species. Menthone (Figure 2) is also found in the essential oil of Cyclotrichium species, except for C. depauperatum, C. straussii, and C. haussknechtii (Sajjadi and Mehregan 2006). Most of the Cyclotrichium species are believed to be rich in phenolic compounds (Alim et al. 2009; Aslan et al. 2007; Kilic et al. 2007; Mirjalili et al. 2013; Karaborklu et al. 2019). Among them, C. leucotrichum, C. glabrenscens, and C. Stramineum contain more phenolic compounds (Kilic et al. 2007; Rustaiyan et al. 2009; Mirjalili et al. 2013). It has been reported by Guzel et al. that C. origanifolium is rich in flavonoid compounds such as isosakuranetin, eriodictyol, luteolin, apigenin, naringenin, and trolox (Guzel et al. 2017). On the other hand, noticeable amounts of flavonoid compounds including apigenin, apigenin 7-methyl ether, oriodictyol 7-O-glycoside, isosakaranetin, isosakaranetin 7-O-rhamnoside have been isolated from C. origanifolium and C. niveum (Table 2) (Alim et al. 2009; Doganca et al. 1989; Kilic et al. 2007; Guzel et al. 2017; Özdemir et al. 2017).