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Delivery of Herbal Cardiovascular Drugs in the Scenario of Nanotechnology: An Insight
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Kumar Anand, Subhabrata Ray, Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Rudranil Bhowmik, Sanmoy Karmakar, Monalisha Sen Gupta
Since ancient age, Green tea has been considered as healthy beverage and included in daily food list. According to East Asian medicine, Consumption of green tea has been suggested for headaches, body aches and pains, depression, digestion, and detoxification as well as an energizer. Generally, green tea is believed to prolong life (Cabrera, Artacho, and Gimenez, 2006). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major component of green tea. EGCG of tea catechins is found to exert many cellular and molecular effects related to the health-promoting actions. In various research studies, it has been found that oral consumption of green tea may give protection against obesity-related disorders such as atherosclerosis, HTN, and diabetes. As a very important fact, it has been observed that only purified EGCG (50–100 mg/kg), and not any other green tea catechins, significantly reduced or prevented an increase in body weight (BW) in lean and obese Zucker rats (Kao et al., 2000). These above effects are appeared to be reversible and associated with a reduction in food intake.
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: An Overview of the Clinical Outcomes and Evidence-Based Archive
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Ananya Rajkumari, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most extensively consumed beverages worldwide (Chacko et al., 2010). Cancer therapeutics have been found to be significantly influenced by various epidemiological studies on green tea (Cabrera et al., 2006; Jankun et al., 1997). Green tea possesses many compounds, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most important, a biologically active compound with anticancer properties as evident by a growing body of clinical studies (Elbling et al., 2005). The well-studied anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of EGCG indicate a justification of the anticancer efficacy demonstrated by EGCG. The various mechanisms revealed by EGCG include a significant reduction of NF-kB and AP-1 activation, as well as an inhibition of TNF-α and IFN-γ production. In an experimental colitis model, EGCG has also been found to reduce NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) alongside an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in colonic mucosa. In vitro studies have also reported that EGCG induces apoptosis in multiple cancer cells. EGCG has been publicized to induce apoptosis by the suppression of COX-2 expression and the subsequent production of PGE2 in diverse colon cancer cells, such as HT-29, SW837, and HCA-7 cells (Ahmad et al., 1997; Fang et al., 2003; Hong et al., 2002).
Harnessing Nanotechnology Using Nutraceuticals for Cancer Therapeutics and Intervention
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Gargi Ghoshal, Ashay Jain, O. P. Katare
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant tea catechin in green tea, is accounted for its strong antioxidant property. Various epidemiological and preclinical reports advocate that EGCG can decrease the risk of cancer, which is mainly attributed to its inhibitory effects on enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways, which led to the suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement and apoptosis. However, EGCG is unstable in plasma and intestinal juices, leading to its low bioavailability. Polymer nanoparticles assembled from gallic acid (GA) grafted chitosan (CS, GA-g-CS for GA grafted CS) and caseinophosphopeptides (CPP) were developed to deliver EGCG as novel functional foods. The GA-g-CS-CPP nanoparticles showed intense antioxidant activity and toxicity against Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The EGCG-loaded GA-g-CS-CPP nanoparticles (84–90% for encapsulation efficiency) showed improved delivery property, controlled release of EGCG under simulated gastrointestinal environments, preventing its degradation under neutral and alkaline conditions, and amplifying its antineoplastic potential against Caco-2 cells (Hu et al., 2015).
Effects of green tea polyphenols against metal-induced genotoxic damage: underlying mechanistic pathways
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
María Del Carmen García-Rodríguez, Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez, Francisco Arenas-Huertero
Among the GTP with the highest activity are flavonoids, such as flavanols (catechins) and flavonols (quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol) (Figure 1-I). Catechins, including epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are the polyphenols found at the highest concentration in green tea, accounting for 60 to 80% of the total content (Kaushal et al. 2019; Olson et al. 2020). The antioxidant activity of GTP in preventing chronic diseases is influenced by its molecular structure, including the presence of specific structural groups and hydroxyl groups (OH) (Figure 1-II). While scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting free radicals (FR) formation, and preventing lipid peroxidation are recognized as key pathways through which GTP protect against oxidative DNA damage, there are other pathways including (1) regulation of endogenous antioxidant system, (2) activation of repair mechanisms and (3) apoptosis that also might contribute to these beneficial properties. Further, polyphenols derived from Camellia sinensis polyphenols demonstrated the ability to chelate metal ions, suggesting an additional pathway for attenuating oxidation reactions (Afzal et al. 2022; Bernatoniene and Kopustinskiene 2018; Truong and Jeong 2021).
Dual feedstock pyrolysis of Aegle marmelos pressed seed cake and novel Annona squamosa seed particles: the effect of dual natural antioxidant on the oxidation stability of derived co-pyrolysis liquid-A green approach
Published in Biofuels, 2023
P. Baranitharan, Malinee Sriariyanun, D. Babu, R. Sakthivel
The prime sources for production of anti-oxidant are GTL and HRS flowers. Figures 2 (a)–(b) portrays the images of natural anti-oxidant species. GTL bought from M/s Kalai Tea traders, Coonoor bus stand, Coonoor, Nilgris district, Tamil Nadu, India. Naturally, green tea leaves have anti-oxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds like catechin, epigallocatechin (EG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg). The GTL extract added to bio-fuel improves the oxidation stability [7]. However, HRS flowers are collected from NIT, Botanical gardens, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Initially the flowers are washed with distilled water to remove their impurities and subsequently remove the petals from the flowers. The collected petals are dried in sunlight and after that cleaned petals and GTL are used to extract the anti-oxidants with aid of Soxhlet apparatus. Generally, natural anti-oxidants compound are accomplished of delaying lipid oxidation and also it can be used in free radical reducing activity [3].
Nature-derived epigallocatechin gallate/duck’s feet collagen/hydroxyapatite composite sponges for enhanced bone tissue regeneration
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Yeon Ji Kook, Jingwen Tian, Yoo Shin Jeon, Min Jung Choi, Jeong Eun Song, Chan Hum Park, Rui L. Reis, Gilson Khang
We choose a naturally derived polymer, duck’s feet collagen with good cell seeding and cell attachment and rapid biodegradation [3,4]. The fabrication method and biocompatibility of duck’s feet collagen were already evaluated in our previous study [5,6]. Moreover, DC has been widely used as a base material for tissue-engineered bone constructs previously, as well many studies reported the incorporation of various osteo-inductive elements i.e. bone growth factors and cytokines [7–9]. However, studies regarding to the usage of plant/herbal extracts for bone regeneration are scanty. Approximately 25% of available drugs which are allowed to prescript were derived from plants, trees, and herbs [10]. Inspired by those medicinal values, we have employed epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which is the most abundant catechin found in green tea, onion and apple skin, contributing to various beneficial health effects associated with their consumption [11–14]. EGCG, known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin [15]. Previous reports have shown that EGCG in combination with α-tricalcium phosphate particles can stimulate bone regeneration by increasing the formation of mineralized bone nodules with human osteoblast-like cells [16]. We hypothesize that EGCG usage, as a nature derived biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration instead of growth factors and cytokines, not only reduce scaffold’s cost and risk, but also provide medicinal benefits.