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Industrial Applications of Bacterial Enzymes
Published in Pankaj Bhatt, Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes, 2023
Applications of these enzymes allow a precise biochemical pathway that is more advantageous on the surface of a body part. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one such enzyme. It stops injuries caused by free radicals and other harmful pollutants [189]. It also manages a level of a diversity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species that are formed by exposure to ultraviolet and other radiation, plus the usual products of cellular metabolism, reducing the latent toxicity of these molecules and controlling cellular characteristics that are synchronized by their signaling functions [190]. ROS also worsens the skin, and as a result, SOD is considered a very important anti-aging enzyme that eliminates ROSs from the human body. SOD also preserves the integral arrangement of keratin, encourages elasticity of the skin, and promotes a smooth feeling to the skin [191].
Endocrine Disruptors
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Global Resources and Universal Processes, 2020
Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by environmental contaminants and associated oxidative stress also have a role in defective sperm function and male infertility, although there are some controversial data. This is evidence for the existence of a link between endocrine-mediated and ROS-mediated adverse effects of environmental contaminants on male reproduction. Another link is the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, which has been shown to have a superoxide scavenging effect as well as act as an alternate regulatory switch in testicular steroidogenesis.[37]
Membrane Bioreactor for Perchlorate Treatment
Published in Amitava Rakshit, Manoj Parihar, Binoy Sarkar, Harikesh B. Singh, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 2021
Benny Marie B. Ensano, Sivasankar Annamalai, Yeonghee Ahn
On the other hand, anaerobic methane oxidation coupled with perchlorate or nitrate reduction (ANMO-PR, ANMO-D) follows two different pathways, namely, reverse methanogenesis and intra-aerobic pathways (Chen et al. 2016). Reverse methanogenesis pathway employs Archaea and bacteria for synergistic methane oxidation and perchlorate reduction, respectively. Anaerobic methane oxidation is catalyzed by methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) of the anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and the product H2 can be used by PRB to respire ClO4− (Lv et al. 2019). Intra-aerobic pathway, on the other hand, is known to be mediated by only one microorganism. Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria reduce perchlorate to Cl− and O2 via the stepwise catalysis of perchlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase. The O2 released from chlorite dismutation is then used by same microorganism to oxidize methane intracellularly by the action of membrane bound particulate methane mono-oxygenase (M MO) (Lv et al. 2019). Overall, the stoichiometric reactions of perchlorate reduction with methane in AMO-PR and ANMO-PR are given in equations (5) and (6), respectively (Chen et al. 2016):
Kinetics, mechanism, and identification of photodegradation products of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Peng Huasong, Huan Qingwen, Muhammad Bilal, Wei Wang, Xuehong Zhang
Photodegradation of PCA under the irradiation of visible light accords well with first-order reaction kinetics. The photodegradation of PCA was accelerated in the presence of an elevated concentration of hydrogen ions. The half-life of PCA was increased from 2.2 to 37.6 days at pH 6.8 when it exposed to the visible light. Superoxide dismutase enzyme and sodium azide were used to decipher the mechanism for PCA photodegradation. Hydroxyl PCA and hydroxy phenazine were found to be the major degradation products of PCA photodegradation process by HPLC. The obtained degradation products were further separated and characterized by HPLC-mass spectrometry and LC-MS/MS analytical techniques. To our knowledge, this is the first report on photodegradation of PCA indicating that PCA was sensitive to the light, a higher concentration of hydrogen ion and oxidant in the environment. Before PCA is widely used as a pesticide, it might be necessary to modify its structure or use a suitable dosage to make PCA more stable. The results would be useful to the storage and usage of PCA during the plant protection application.
Effects of emerging persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on the Crustacean Gammarus insensibilis
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Samir Touaylia, Abdelhafidh Khazri, Ali Mezni, Mustapha Bejaoui
A significant increase in the SOD activity was observed (0.19 ± 0.016 U/min/mg of protein for C1 treated animals), compared to control (0.10 ± 0.03 U/min/mg of protein) (Figure 3B). C2-treated group showed similar profile following slight decrease, but with no difference with C1. However, the exposure to the highest concentration induced a decrease in the enzyme activity reaching close value to the control one. This collapse may be due to the depletion of the enzyme which remains unable to defend itself against the excessive production of ROS. Similarly, Xu et al. (2013) reported that the antioxidant activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, was initially activated and then inhibited in the earthworm exposed to the PFOS.
Intrahippocampal dose-dependent effects of aluminum injection on affective and cognitive response in male Wistar rat: potential role of oxidative stress
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Oussama Zghari, Sofia Azirar, Mouloud Lamtai, Aboubaker El Hessni, Ali Ouichou, Abdelhalem Mesfioui
NO levels were affected by Al treatment. At doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg, was associated with a significant increase in NO levels compared to the control group (Control/Al-1: p < 0.01 and Control/Al-2: p < 0.001), while at dose of 0.5 mg/kg, Al did not provoke any significant change (p > 0.05). There is also a statistically significant difference between the Al treated groups Al-0.5/Al-1: p < 0.01, Al-0.5/Al-2 and Al-1/Al-2: p < 0.001. • Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in hippocampus (Figure 7(c)).