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CNT-Based Bio-Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensors
Published in Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 2019
S.K. Suja, G. Jayanthi Kalaivani
Creatinine amidohydrolase (creatininase) obtained from Pseudomonas putida has a molecular weight of 1,75,000 by ultracentrifugal analysis and the molecular weight of the subunit estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 23,000, suggesting that the enzyme is composed of eight monomeric subunits. The enzyme was found to contain about one gram atom of zinc per monomer subunit and it catalyzes the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine (Rikitake et al. 1979). Creatine amidinohydrolase (creatinase) is a homodimer with the subunit molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa. The two active sites of this protein are at the interface of the monomers being shared by each monomer and only the dimer is active. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of creatine (Figure 9). Sarcosine oxidase from the Arthrobacter sp. is a monomer with a molecular weight of 43 kDa. The monomeric sarcosine oxidases are flavine proteins that contain 1 mol of flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that is covalently linked to the enzyme by a cysteine residue. It catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) and forms equimolar amounts of formaldehyde, glycine, and hydrogen peroxide (Berberich et al. 2005a, Berberich et al. 2005b). The complexity of the three-enzyme system makes the process of commercialization slow.
Changes in the skin characteristics associated with dehydration and rehydration
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Nobuhiko Eda, Nobuhiro Nakamura, Yuto Inai, Ziyue Sun, Ryota Sone, Koichi Watanabe, Takao Akama
Urine was collected pre- and postoperatively, and urine osmolarity (Uosm), sodium, potassium, chlorine, Cr, and USG in the collected urine were measured. USG was detected using a digital urine specific gravity refractometer (UG-D; ATAGO Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Clinical testing of other urine parameters was performed by the laboratory (BML, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Uosm, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chlorine), and Cr were measured by osmometry with the automatic osmometer OM-6050 Station System (ARKRAY, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), potentiometry using the ion-selective electrodes, and enzymatic method using the creatininase-creatinase-sarcosine oxidase system (Shikarikid-S CRE, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan), respectively.