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Clinical Toxicology of Copper
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Mahadev Rao
The major application of Cu is as a metal or its alloy (as bronze, brass, etc.), particularly in industry. Maximum Cu metal products are recycled. Cu has numerous commercial applications due to its versatility. Cu is used to produce electrical appliances such as electrical wires, pipes, valves, fittings; and coins, cooking utensils, and materials for buildings. Additionally, it also used in various machinery, weapons, and coatings. Cu is used for electroplating, azo dye preparation, engraving, lithography, petroleum refinery, mineral froth flotation, and pyrotechnics. Cu is a vital component of white gold as well as new alloys using for ornaments. Agricultural uses include fungicides, algaecides, insecticides, and wood preservatives, mainly accounted for copper sulfate. Cu compounds can be added to fertilizers and animal feeds as a nutritional supplement to promote the growth of plants and animals (Landner and Lindestrom 1999). Copper sulfate pentahydrate is sometimes added to surface water for the control of algae (NSF 2000).
Inorganic Chemicals in Drinking Water
Published in Joseph Cotruvo, Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook, 2019
Copper has biocidal properties, copper sulfate is used as an algaecide in source waters, and other copper compounds are used as fungicides and in wood preservatives. It has been considered a water disinfectant or bacteriostat since at least 400 B.C., but it is slow acting. Copper/silver ionization systems are used for controlling legionella in plumbing. Some microorganisms can develop resistance to metal toxicity.
Metal Recovery Processes
Published in C. K. Gupta, T. K. Mukherjee, Hydrometallurgy in Extraction Processes, 2017
The commercial form of copper sulfate is CuSO4·5 H2O, which crystallizes out from an aqueous solution in the form of large, blue, triclinic crystals. If the pentahydrate is heated to 110°C, it loses water to form a white to greenish-white monohydrate. Further heating to 250°C yields anhydrous salt. Copper sulfate is an essential reagent in the electrowinning and refining of copper. It also finds uses as soil additives, fungicides, and bulk preparation of other copper compounds.
Identification and characterization of a novel indigenous algicidal bacterium Chryseobacterium species against Microcystis aeruginosa
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Chengcheng Zhang, Isaac Yaw Massey, Yan Liu, Feiyu Huang, Ruihuan Gao, Ming Ding, Lin Xiang, Chuning He, Jia Wei, Yunhui Li, Yuliang Ge, Fei Yang
Since CyanoHABs exert severe consequences on ecological and human health, technologies to reduce the impact of CyanoHABs are urgently needed. A number of techniques including the use of agents such as copper sulfate (Qian, Yu, and Sun 2010; Tsai, Uzun, and Chen 2019), and clay (Hagestrom and Graneli 2005; Sengco and Anderson 2004) were previously utilized to decrease the number of harmful blooms. However, the broad application of copper sulfate decreasing harmful blooms might result in secondary pollution of metal compound as this metal is not biodegradable (Qian, Yu, and Sun 2010). Clays were employed to accumulate Karenia brevis blooms and once harmful algal blooms were combined with the clay. Subsequently this mixture was shown to be transferred to tellinid bivalves and shellfish. This process effectively removed the blooms but consumption of these clay-bloom mixture contaminated shellfish resulted in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, which is public health concern (Haubois, Bricelj, and Naar 2007; Plakas et al. 2002; Poli et al. 2000).
Reagents types in flotation of iron oxide minerals: A review
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2018
Fardis Nakhaei, Mehdi Irannajad
It is well known that pyrite can be activated by some transition metal ions, such as Pb2+ or Cu2+. Additional reagents such as activators are also used in froth flotation. Copper sulfate is commonly used as an activator for desulfurization as copper ions assist in the bond between the collector and the surface of the sulfide particle (Voigt et al. 1994). The activation of pyrite is achieved by the formation of CuS-like species on pyrite surface, which improves the surface hydrophobicity of pyrite (Peng and Grano, 2010).
On the optimization of the crystallization related to an aqueous copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O)
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2021
Hadi Alimohammadizadeh, Ali Behrad-Vakylabad, Sattar Ghader
Copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) has found many areas of applications such as agriculture, antiseptic agent, electroplating processes, electronics as an intermediate, antifungal agent, treatment of copper deficiency, and even catalyst in petrochemical processes (Giulietti et al. 1996; Bissengaliyeva et al. 2016). In industrial level, it is produced through the reaction of metallic copper with a hot concentrated sulfuric acid in the bubbling of an air oxidant (Richardson 1997). Having been produced, the CuSO4.5H2O solution is converted into solid crystal through various methods of crystallization in which the size and purity of the crystals are two main parameters in evaluation of their quality (Arend and Hulliger 1989). They can be optimized and controlled with choosing the correct crystallization conditions which directly influence the nucleation and growth of the crystals, shapes and sizes of which are strongly affected by the crystallization environment including the temperature of the system, cooling rate, and changing structure of the solution, for example, through an anti-solvent component (Holden and Morrison 1982). It has been shown that it is possible to control the in a desired orientation and morphology by using various film templates such as Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film, tuning the temperature of which administrate the nucleation and growth of crystals (Lu et al. 2008). Also, in an attempt to find a facile method to control of the morphologies of inorganic materials such as CuSO4·5H2O (chalcanthite), CuSO4·5H2O dendrite (chalcanthite), NiSO4·6H2O (retgersite), NiSO4·6H2O dendrite (retgersite), dendrite-shaped branched structures of the pure inorganic salts have been obtained by using nanocrystalline cellulose as an additive (Voronova and Surov 2015).