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Chromatography
Published in Grinberg Nelu, Rodriguez Sonia, Ewing’s Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Fourth Edition, 2019
In the preparative scheme (droplet CCC, upper diagram), one side of the coil, which is entirely occupied by the mobile phase and therefore forms an inefficient dead space, is reduced to a narrow-bore transfer tube, whereas the other side of the coil, where partition is taking place, is replaced with a straight tubular column. The mobile phase (the heavier phase in this case) introduced at the upper end of the column filled with the stationary phase (the lighter phase) forms a train of discrete droplets, which travel smoothly through the en tire length of the column without coalescence. The necessity of suitable droplet formation limits the choice of the solvent systems in this scheme. This problem is solved by the locular column, which is made by inserting a number of centrally perforated disks into the column at regular intervals to form partition units called locules. In rotation locular CCC (Figure 28.2, upper right), both the retention of the stationary phase and the interfacial area (where mass transfer takes place) in each locule are optimized by inclining the column. The mixing in each phase is promoted by column rotation, as shown in the diagram. This scheme permits the universal application of conventional two-phase solvent systems. Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) radically improves the efficiency of the scheme by rotating a stack of doughnut-shaped disks containing multiple locules (Figure 28.2, lower right).
Symbols, Terminology, and Nomenclature
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis circular Cotton-Kraihanzel force field cathode luminescence (spectroscopy) central limit theorem centimeter center of mass carboxymethylcellulose critical micelle concentration canonical molecular orbital cytidine 5'-monophosphate; chemical measurement process coordination number; cellulose nitrate complete neglect of differential overlap Cowling number cycloolefin copolymer chemical oxygen demand; 1,4-cyclooctadiene concentrated; concentration constant crystal orbital overlap population cosine hyperbolic cosine correlation spectroscopy 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene cotangent hyperbolic cotangent chemically pure cyclopentadienyl pentamethylcyclopentadienyl centipoise candle power coherent potential approximation centrifugal partition chromatography contact potential difference chlorinated polyethylene circular polarization of luminescence chlorophenol red cycles per second charge conjugation/space inversion/time inversion (theorem) central processing unit chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) chloroprene rubber (neoprene) crystalline (phase) charge remote fragmentation constitutional repeating unit (in polymer nomenclature) camphorsulfonic acid cosecant charge stripping reaction charge transfer carat cellulose triacetate conventional transmission electron microscopy chlorotrifluoroethylene cytidine 5'-triphosphate controlled thermonuclear reaction cubic
Lignocellulose derived functional oligosaccharides: production, properties, and health benefits
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Latika Bhatia, Ashutosh Sharma, Rakesh K. Bachheti, Anuj K. Chandel
In order to remove the inhibitors, Fang et al.[39] reported that centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) fractionation of hot water (HW) pretreated Pinewood chips hydrolysate. Sugar monomers and oligomers were analyzed by HPLC. The results revealed that CPC fractions contain phenolics, furans, and monomeric and oligomeric sugars. Dotsenko et al.[29] reported production of arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) by hydrothermal pretreatment of Ryegrass under various pretreatment severity.