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Revival & updating of chaînera power station
Published in Bjørn Honningsvåg, Grethe Holm Midttømme, Kjell Repp, Kjetil Arne Vaskinn, Trond Westeren, Hydropower in the New Millennium, 2020
The TFGA-P200 is a fast micro gas Chromatograph manufactured by Morgan & Schaffer, Canada, optimized for rapid analysis of gas samples. In order to measure the dissolved gases in oil, gas sample must be produced in which the gas phase concentrations are related in a known and reproducible way to the dissolved concentrations. With this analyzer a complete gas in oil analysis can be made for Hydrogen, Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Ethylene, Ethane and Acetylene. Helium gas is used as carrier. The calibration of the equipment is to be done. A chromatogram of the calibration gas is obtained. Gas sample is taken in the syringe, shaked well and put on the equipment. By using the software available concentration of gases like Hydrogen, Methane, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Ethylene, Ethane and Acetylene are detected from the chromatogram.
Running power: lab based vs. portable devices measurements and its relationship with aerobic power
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Paolo Taboga, Nicola Giovanelli, Enrico Spinazzè, Francesco Cuzzolin, Giuseppe Fedele, Silvano Zanuso, Stefano Lazzer
We collected metabolic data by using a metabolic measurement system (CPET, Cosmed, Italy). Before each experimental session, we calibrated the volume and gas analysers using a 3-L calibration syringe and calibration gas (16.00% O2; 4.00% CO2), respectively. Then, we averaged the breath-by-breath and values (in ml/s) during the last minute of each trial. We verified the reach of a steady state by observing an increase of no more than 1 ml/kg of O2 throughout the last minute (Lazzer et al., 2015). From the and measurements, we calculated aerobic power (, in W) using the equation proposed by Brockway (1987): We then divided by each subject's body mass to obtain a normalised aerobic power ( in W/kg). As evidenced by Beck, Kipp, Byrnes, and Kram (2018), calculating using Equation (1) takes in account the ratio of oxidised carbohydrates to fats at different exercise intensities, as opposed to considering alone.
Inter-limb strength asymmetry in adolescent distance runners: Test-retest reliability and relationships with performance and running economy
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Richard C. Blagrove, Chris Bishop, Glyn Howatson, Philip R. Hayes
The running test took place on a motorized treadmill (HP Cosmos Pulsar 4.0; Cosmos Sports & Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany) under similar laboratory conditions for all participants (temperature 16–20°C; relative humidity 29–50%; barometric pressure 746–773 mmHg). Participants were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise in the 48 h prior to testing and arrive ≥ 2 h post-prandial. Throughout testing, participants breathed through a low-dead space mask attached to a two-way valve with dual gas sensor. Expired air was monitored continuously via an automated open circuit metabolic cart (Oxycon Pro; Enrich Jaeger GmbH, Hoechberg, Germany), which quantified pulmonary ventilation, oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Prior to every test, both gas analysers were calibrated with known concentrations of standard calibration gas (16% O2; 5% CO2), and the ventilation measurement unit with a 3-L syringe. Heart rate (HR) was also monitored continuously via a telemetry chest strap (Polar RS400; Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland).
Changes in cardiac and muscle biomarkers following an uphill-only marathon
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2018
Alessandro Da Ponte, Nicola Giovanelli, Guglielmo Antonutto, Daniele Nigris, Francesco Curcio, Pietro Cortese, Stefano Lazzer
In the week preceding the race, participants were asked to come to the laboratory to perform a graded exercise test on a treadmill (Saturn, HP Cosmos, Germany) to evaluate their maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). During the experiment, ventilatory and gas exchange responses were measured continuously with a metabolic unit (Quark-b2, Cosmed, Italy). The volume and gas analysers were calibrated using a 3-L calibration syringe and calibration gas (16.00% O2; 4.00% CO2), respectively. During the tests, electrocardiogram was continuously recorded and displayed on line for visual monitoring, and HR was measured with a dedicated device (Polar, Finland). The tests comprised a 5-min rest period followed by running at 10 km · h−1 for 5 min (on a slope of 1%); the speed was then increased by 0.7 km · h−1 every minute until volitional exhaustion. A levelling off of oxygen uptake (defined as an increase of no more than 1 ml · kg−1 · min−1) was observed in all subjects during the last 1 or 2 min of the exercise test indicating that V̇O2max had been attained. V̇O2max was calculated as the average oxygen uptake in a period of 20 s after reaching a plateau. Athletes were asked to refrain from any vigorous physical activity during the day preceding the test and during the preliminary testing session that they performed to familiarize with the equipment.