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The Pentose Phosphates Pathway—Glucogenesis
Published in Jean-Louis Burgot, Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics, 2019
The enzyme catalyzing the reaction is the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The lactone is hydrolyzed to the acid-6-phosphogluconate under the action of a specific lactonase (Figure 101): Structure of 6-phosphogluconate acid.Then, the 6-phosphogluconate acid undergoes oxidation and decarboxylation. The keto-pentose ribulose-5-phosphate is formed under the action of the enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. It is interesting to notice that, then, there is formation of a second molecule of NADPH (Figure 102): 6-phosphogluconateacid→6-phosphogluconatedehydrogenaseD-ribulose-5-phosphateFormation of ribulose-5-phosphate.
The effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and glutathione (GSH) on Isatis cappadocica, under Arsenic (As) toxicity
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Zahra Souri, Naser Karimi, Parvaiz Ahmad
The activity of several NADP-dehydrogenases such as G6PDH and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), intricate in the pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative phase), as well as NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and the NADP-malic enzyme depend on NADP (Corpas and Barroso 2014; de Freitas-Silva et al.2017). Therefore, decline in NADP levels can disturb several metabolic pathways that regulate plants growth and development under stress condition (Corpas and Barroso 2014). Some types of NADP-dehydrogenases are regulated at different levels of activity and/or protein/gene expression (Liu et al.2007, 2013; Marino et al.2007; Corpas and Barroso 2014). In addition, the significance of some NADP-dehydrogenases has been established through reverse genetic studies in various plant species (Scharte et al.2009; Dal Santo et al.2012; Siddappaji et al.2013). Therefore, it seems that, the activity of NADP-dehydrogenases and appropriate presentation of the pentose phosphate pathway can play an important role on tolerance responses of Isatis plant grown under As stress. Moreover, hyperaccumulator plants can detoxify As through adopting the detoxification strategies like: (a) the reduction of As, synthesis of metal binding thiols such as PCs complexing with As and their compartmentalization/vacuolar sequestration to minimize the As levels (Karimi et al.2009; Zhao et al.2010; Tripathi et al.2012; Souri et al.2017), and (b) the triggering of antioxidative defense responses to counteract the As-induced oxidative damages (Zhao et al.2010; Souri et al.2018, 2020).