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2 Coatings for Medical Applications
Published in Peerawatt Nunthavarawong, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, Mathew Thoppil-Mathew, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Materials, 2022
Nano-TiO2 coatings called ‘Smart Coat’ were evaluated in the acute oral toxicity study on rats from a single dose by the oral route, tested by Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre (SIRIM BERHAD). The acute oral toxicity up-and-down procedure (UDP)-limit test is a sequential test that uses five animals. For the method of evaluation in acute oral toxicity, animals are dosed in sequential behavior. They have received the same dose if the first animal survives with a limited dose. A 2000 mg/kg starting dose is selected based on a BALB/c 3T3 NRU cytotoxicity test recommendation. In this study, the Smart Coat was prepared in reverse osmosis water freshly prepared before being processed to five rats. Then, the acute oral toxicity was performed on the first female rat with the single-dose at 2000 mg/kg body weight, and the first rat survived a 48-hour observation. Therefore, the adding four rats were sequentially dosed at about 48-hour intervals. All five rates were tested to observe individually for mortality, signs of gross toxicity, and behavioral changes once during the first 30 minutes after dosing. Then, they were mainly observed again during the first 4 hours, periodically during 48 hours post-dosing, and daily for 14 days. In addition, the body weights were recorded before and after dosing on day 7 and day 14 (termination). The result showed that all animals gained bodyweight and appeared normal. They did not also demonstrate any abnormal behavior during the observation period, ‘Smart Coat’ showed that a median lethal oral dose (LD50) was more significant than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Thus, it was classified as Category 5 according to the Globally Harmonised System to classify chemicals.
Use of micronucleus and comet assay to evaluate evaluate the genotoxicity of oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare l. Virens) in rats orally exposed for 90 days.
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, María Puerto, Sara Maisanaba, Remedios Guzmán-Guillén, Silvia Pichardo, Ana M. Cameán
After acclimatization, animals were treated daily for 90 days with 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day of OEO incorporated to neutral gelatin according to Mellado-García et al. (2016a). These doses were selected according to an acute oral toxicity study “Up and Down Procedure” OECD 425 (OECD 2008) and after a palatability experiment which evidence that 200 mg/kg/day was the highest dose tolerated by animals. Finally, two additional spaced dose levels separated by a factor of 2 were employed. Neutral gelatin without OEO was used as negative control. Acute oral exposure was selected for the positive control group (three male and three female rats) which was administered 200 mg/kg/day ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) using a stomach tube (Vygon, Ecouen, France). In order to obtain the positive controls for both assays three dosages were used as described by Bowen et al. (2011) and Mellado-García et al. (2016b).