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The use of bacteriophages for multi-tracing in a lowland karst aquifer in western Ireland
Published in A. Kranjc, Tracer Hydrology 97, 2020
David Drew, Nathalie Doerfliger, Kitty Formentin
The bacteriophages used in the multi-tracing test were as shown in Table 1. The phage T7 belongs to the collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of Neuchatel. It has the host-bacteria Escherichia coli and has a small size. It is member of the Podoviridae family characterised by a polyhedral head and a small non contractile tail (Ackermann and DuBow 1987).
Incorporating viruses into soil ecology: A new dimension to understand biogeochemical cycling
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Xiaolong Liang, Mark Radosevich, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Steven W. Wilhelm, Regan McDearis, Jie Zhuang
Viruses are most characteristic of their narrow host range, and soil viruses may have greater host specialization because of the limited nutrient in the environment (Vos et al., 2009). Soil viruses include prokaryotic viruses (also known as bacteriophages or phages), fugal viruses (mycoviruses), and viruses of protists. Viruses infecting plants, insects, and animals can also be found in soil. However, phages that infect bacteria and archaea are the most abundant biological members in soil communities (Emerson, 2019; Liao et al., 2022). Viruses that have tails of various lengths and can be classified as contractile, non-contractile, tailless, spherical, and filamentous forms based on their tail morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to observe and count soil viruses and in early investigations used to assess morphological diversity (Williamson et al., 2005). Direct observations via TEM suggested that approximately 80% of the extractable soil viruses are tailed phages, and consisted of Podoviridae, Myoviridae and Siphoviridae (families within the Order Caudovirales) (Williamson et al., 2005). Either cell lysis or lysogeny are the most common outcomes of phage infections (Liang & Radosevich, 2020). Temperate phages may reproduce both lytically and lysogenically, and the phages in a lysogenic state (termed prophage) can revert to the lytic cycle upon environmental and biological cues but may also occur spontaneously (Erez et al., 2017; Liang et al., 2019; Liang, Wagner et al., 2020; Stokar-Avihail et al., 2019).
Bacteriophage applications for fresh produce food safety
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
O. López-Cuevas, J. A. Medrano-Félix, N. Castro-Del Campo, C. Chaidez
Bacteriophages, the Earth’s most abundant entities, are able to maintain the balance of bacterial proliferation thru its lytic life cycle. At present, the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee (BAVS) within the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recognized 22 official families grouping bacterial or archaeal viruses (Adriaenssens and Rodney-Brister 2017) based on morphological and genetic characteristics. All these 22 families are grouped into three orders (Caudovirales, Ligamenvirales and unassigned), yet Caudovirales is the most abundant order, that holds almost 96% of the identified phages distributed in four families (Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and the new assigned family Ackermannviridae) (ICTV 2018), whereas phage mediated biocontrol of foodborne pathogens belongs mainly of Myoviridae and Siphoviridae families. These non-enveloped phages are composed of a proteinic capsid with dsDNA inside, a tail (short or large, contractile or not contractile), and a base plate, which have distributed some tail fiber (Generally functioning as RBPs).