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Global Development through the Psychology of Workplace Technology
Published in Michael D. Coovert, Lori Foster Thompson, The Psychology of Workplace Technology, 2013
Tara S. Behrend, Alexander E. Gloss, Lori Foster Thompson
Information and communication technology is especially relevant to the welfare of lower-income (so-called “developing”) societies. Despite the tremendous growth of ICTs, and the fact that there are now nearly two billion internet users in the world, a “digital divide” still exists. This divide is constituted by global disparities in access to, usage of, and motivation to use ICTs (United Nations, 2011; Van Dijk, 2006). Indeed, while internet penetration is 72 percent in the developed world, it is only 21 percent in the developing world (United Nations, 2011). However, the growth of many ICTs is enormous. Of particular note is the growth and potential of mobile phones in lower income settings. Consider that in 1998, 2 percent of the world's population had a mobile phone subscription, while in 2008, that rate had risen to 55 percent (Heeks, 2010). If access to mobile phones via sharing is included (e.g., sharing phones with friends and family), mobile phone usage rates likely exceed 80 percent of the population of developing countries (Heeks, 2010). For this reason, mobile phones have been viewed as particularly promising in their potential to enhance economic development and well-being in lower-income settings. For example, they can be used to assist and support healthcare work in rural, developing regions of the world, allowing for remote diagnosis of illnesses, assistance with adherence to medical advice, remote monitoring, and the mass dissemination of public health information (International Telecommunications Union, 2010).
Wireless Telecardiology
Published in Rajarshi Gupta, Dwaipayan Biswas, Health Monitoring Systems, 2019
Luca Monzo, Michele Schiariti, Paolo Emilio Puddu
Several advantages of the use of telemonitoring in HF have been reported [42]. Patients get a better understanding of their disease by being responsible for monitoring and being involved in some self-managing, which enhances patients’ education and empowerment [43]. In particular, psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness exercises have already been shown to be successful in changing lifestyle behavior [44,45] and to significantly reduce anxiety, depression, and clinical symptoms which are common in HF patients [46]. In the personal decision support system for Heart Failure Management (HeartMan) study, developed from the preliminary experience of the Chiron project [47], wireless monitoring of patients’ physical condition and psychological state is integrated by a decision support system that suggests the most appropriate intervention (including exercise, nutrition, medication, and mental support) to modify and manage patient lifestyle to increase adherence to the medical advice [48]. This trial is still ongoing, and results are expected within the end of 2019. Telemonitoring also ensures preventive care with early detection of disease exacerbations and timely management [49]. Travel and waiting time are reduced or even abolished for the patient, so quality of life improves. Additionally, patients are at home in comfortable and safe surroundings and still in close contact with the hospital. An advantage for the hospital is that the technology leaves room for new and unstable patients. The results provide evidence that remote monitoring combined with discharge planning could reduce family caregiver burden, improve stress mastery, and family function during the first 30 days at home after HF patients are discharged from the hospital.
Multidisciplinary efforts in combating nonadherence to medication and health care interventions: Opportunities and challenges for operations researchers
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2021
Aditya M. Prakash, Carlos Vega, Vakaramoko Diaby, Xiang Zhong
In medicine, compliance, or adherence (synonyms) describes the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice (Ho et al., 2009). Adherence includes taking medications or drugs on time but also involves all other types of instructions that help the full realization of the benefits of treatments in terms of outcomes (Nieuwlaat et al., 2014). In addition to medications or drugs, adherence can also apply to medical device use, self-care, self-directed exercises, or therapy sessions (Nieuwlaat et al., 2014). Medication adherence follows three stages: (1) initiation of the prescribed therapy; (2) implementation of the therapy as prescribed; and (3) persistence (E.g., obtaining refills to maintain adherence over time) (van Boven et al., 2016). For example, in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), patients are required to strictly adhere to a treatment plan that includes timely medication, exercise, diet control, and smoking cessation.
Perceptions and attitudes toward risk and personal responsibility in the context of medical fitness to drive
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Margaret Ryan, James Walshe, Rory Booth, Desmond J. O’Neill
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to drive at any given instance rests primarily with the driver him/herself. The research literature on patient adherence to medical recommendations shows significant levels of patient noncompliance with medical advice (40%-70%) (DiMatteo 2004): this extends to MFTD advice, for example with epilepsy (Tatum et al. 2012). To date, very little is known about peoples’ intentions to stop driving if advised to do so by a medical professional.