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Upper extremity injuries
Published in Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, 2008
Ronald F. Zernicke, William C. Whiting, Sarah L. Manske
Diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna: Radial and ulnar fractures happen singularly or in combination. Identification of the causal mechanism typically suggests the location and type of fracture. When both radius and ulna are injured, it is usually due to a direct, high-energy trauma such as a motor vehicle accident or gunshot wound. An isolated proximal radius fracture rarely happens because of the protection provided by overlying musculature. If there is sufficient force to fracture the proximal radius, the ulna will also likely fracture. Fractures in the middle and distal thirds of the radius occur more frequently. Isolated fractures of the distal third of the radius are named Galeazzi fractures and are often accompanied by dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Galeazzi fractures typically happen after a direct trauma on the dorsolateral side of the wrist or a fall on an outstretched arm that axially loads a hyperpronated forearm.
Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
In addition to articulating with the ulna in the distal radioulnar joint, the combination of the radius/distal radioulnar joint articulates with the three proximal (of the eight) carpal bones to form the radiocarpal joint, “the” wrist joint (Jenkins, 2002, p. 181). Numerous ligaments bridge from the radius and ulna to the proximal carpal bones. The radiocarpal joint between the forearm and the proximal carpals is complex in both structure and function. As at the elbow, “the” wrist (radiocarpal) joint moves in flexion/extension and pronation/supination. The hand also deviates medially and laterally on the forearm at “the” wrist. See Chapter 7 for specifics on the more intricate distal upper limb: the wrist, hand, and fingers.
A computer and image-assisted guidance system for radial head arthroplasty
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
Simon R. Deluce, Hannah Shannon, Emily A. Lalone, George S. Athwal, Louis M. Ferreira, Graham J. W. King, James A. Johnson
Intra-operatively, anatomical landmarks were digitised using an optically tracked pointed stylus (Optotrak Certus®, NDI, Waterloo, ON, Canada). The surface-based registration between the pre-operative model and intra-operatively obtained digitisations was determined using VTK. An initial landmark-based registration using three points (radial styloid, dorsal lip of the distal radioulnar joint and the centre of the radial head articular dish) was used to coarsely align the two data-sets before final alignment using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm (Besl & McKay 1992). In order to generate the surface models of the intra-operatively collected surface digitisations, which were used in the ICP registration, the fastRBF (FarField Technology Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand) toolbox was used to generate surfaces from the digitised point clouds. Digitisations of the articular dish and rim of the radial head, radial styloid, dorsal lip of the distal radioulnar joint and the mid-shaft of the radius at the base of the tracker mount were used for surface-based registration (Figure 4).
Improving the objectivity of the current World Para Swimming motor coordination test for swimmers with hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis using measures of movement smoothness, rhythm and accuracy
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Ana Carolina Maia, Luke Hogarth, Brendan Burkett, Carl Payton
Participants were positioned in supine on a standard physiotherapy bed (182 cm × 62 cm). A GENEActiv tri-axial accelerometer (GENEActiv Action, Activinsights Ltd, Cambridgeshire, UK) was secured to the dorsal surface of both of the participant’s wrists, midway between the radial and ulnar styloid processes. The accelerometer Y-axis was aligned with the long axis of the forearm and the X-axis created a perpendicular line across the distal radioulnar joint (GENEActiv instructions, 2012 version 1.2). Acceleration was sampled at 100 Hz. Before each testing session, the accelerometers’ axes were statically calibrated using a horizontal surface as reference to ensure the vertical and horizontal axes outputs were −1 g and 0 g, respectively.