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Accidents
Published in Suzanne K. Kearns, Fundamentals of International Aviation, 2021
Landing/approach-related accidents comprise three occurrence categories associated with the landing or approach phase of a flight. A runway excursion (RE) describes an aircraft overrunning or veering off the side of a runway. Abnormal runway contact (ARC) describes an unusually hard landing that causes serious damage or injury, resulting from the pilot’s actions (i.e. not associated with a system or component failure). An undershoot/overshoot (USOS) is also related to a pilot’s actions: a USOS happens when an aircraft was brought down either before (undershoot) or after (overshoot) the runway. Landing/ approach-related accidents are primarily associated with poor energy management by the flight crew, meaning that the speed, handling, or approach technique was not appropriate for the conditions. Runway contamination (water, ice, or snow on the runway) can also be a contributing factor in these events.
The Link between Individual Predictors of Risk and Risky Flight Behavior: A Systematic Review
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2023
Yassmin Ebrahim, Brett R. C. Molesworth, Oleksandra Molloy
In aviation, calculative risk-taking by pilots has been shown to minimize injury, and in some cases prevent loss of life. This was on display in two strikingly similar incidents both being commercial flights with Reeve Aleutian Air Flight 08 in 1983 and Rex Airlines Flight RXA768 in 2017 (National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 1983), Australian Transport Safety Bureau (Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), 2017)). In both incidents, one of the aircraft propellers separated during flight, resulting in a reduction in flight performance and in the case of Reeve Aleutian Air, causing substantial damage to the flight controls. The pilots of Flight 08 successfully landed the aircraft by controlling the aircraft descent rate through the unorthodox method of shutting down one of the remaining good engines (engine # 2) and lowering and raising the landing gear on the Lockheed Electra. The pilots of flight RXA768, a Turboprop SAAB 340 made the decision to continue to their destination airport, as opposed land at the closest airport because of the potential of a runway excursion.
An exploratory study on the effects of human, technical and operating factors on aviation safety
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2019
Joyce M. W. Low, Kum Khiong Yang
The air transportation industry employs technologically sophisticated equipment in its service operations. As such, there is a wealth of literature that examines the technical causes of aviation accidents. Some of these common causes that have received in-depth treatments in the recent articles include misunderstanding between control tower and pilot Hazrati (2015), in-flight loss of control (Ancel et al., 2015), runway excursion (Ju, 2011; Wagner & Banker 2014), and runway incursion (Kim & Yang, 2012; McLean & Monro, 2004; Rogerson & Lambert 2012; Rogerson, Lambert, & Johns, 2012; Schonefeld & Moller 2012; Yan & Haimes, 2010; Young & Vlek, 2009). Nonetheless, through modelling techniques of vector auto-regression and vector error correction (VEC), Harizi, Belhaiza, & Harizi (2013) found that factors for air crashes that occurred globally during 1950 to 2008 converge and are complementary and interdependent.
Modeling and performance evaluation of sustainable arresting gear energy recovery system for commercial aircraft
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Jakub Deja, Iman Dayyani, Martin Skote
The aircraft landing direction on a runway is strictly dependent on wind, meaning that each arresting gear system should be capable of operation for either side landing. Correspondingly, a positioning of the subsystems in a runway should allow the arrest of aircraft in both directions. The runway excursion functionality of the enclosure should also be bi-directional to maximize safety of proposed system.