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Catalytic Combustion as a Pollution Prevention Technology to Achieve Ultra-Low Emissions in Power Generating Ground-Based Gas Turbine Engines
Published in Nada Assaf-Anid, Hazardous and Industrial Wastes Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Mid-Atlantic Industrial and Hazardous Waste Conference, 2001
Mitchell O. Stokes, Marco J. Castaldi, Lance L. Smith, Hasan Karim, Shahrokh Etemad, William C. Pfefferle
In their most familiar application, gas turbines provide thrust for jet aircraft. In addition, they are also frequently used in power generation applications for the production of electricity, as shown in Figure 1. The gas turbine is comprised of three main components: a compressor, ‘C, a combustor and a turbine, ‘T’ (see Figure 1).
Numerical simulation of wake vortex for the flight near the ground with different boundary conditions
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Zeyu Zhang, Dong Li, Jinxin Zhou, Weijun Pan, Ziming Xu, Jinyan Cai
In this paper, the A320 model is the study object. The variations of the aircraft aerodynamic characteristics and the evolution of the wake vortex as the airplane altitude or wall boundary conditions change are examined. The A320 is a typical medium jet aircraft (De Bruin, 2003) that is widely used for civil aviation. The commercial package we used for the fluid dynamics analysis was CFD++. Aerodynamic forces and wake development of the aircraft were studied in the quasi-steady state, along with the influence of the ground modeling, aircraft, and altitude. The second-order implicit time integration scheme was selected. In addition, the influence of the ground physical model on the calculation results is emphatically discussed. Different ground boundary conditions, moving or fixed relative to the aircraft, are discussed. The moving ground was consistent with a real scenario, and it could create remarkable features in the long wake flow field. Some vortex evolution behaviors in the near ground phase were determined.
Fusion Blankets and Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors with Flibe Salt Coolant: Common Challenges, Tritium Control, and Opportunities for Synergistic Development Strategies Between Fission, Fusion, and Solar Salt Technologies
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2020
Charles Forsberg, Guiqiu (Tony) Zheng, Ronald G. Ballinger, Stephen T. Lam
Molten salt reactors were originally developed in the 1950s as part of the Nuclear Aircraft Propulsion program where the goal was to build a jet aircraft with unlimited range. That is, MSRs were chosen because of their ability to efficiently couple to Brayton power cycles. In the 1950s gas turbines were inefficient, but 60 years of development have resulted in dramatic improvements in gas turbine efficiency. Salt reactors have two characteristics that enable efficient coupling to Brayton power cycles. First, in modern gas turbines air is compressed to between 350°C and 450°C. Any heat source to couple to NACCs must provide heat above this temperature. Salt reactors typically have minimum salt temperatures near 600°C (Table III). Second, salt reactors deliver heat at a higher average temperature than other reactor technologies. Significant development is required.
The fate and enhanced removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater and sludge treatment system: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Xiaoyang Zhang, Tong Yu, Xu Li, Junqin Yao, Weiguo Liu, Shunli Chang, Yinguang Chen
There were some studies reported the specific concentration of each PAH. These data were computed an average and the proportion of each kind of PAHs were achieved and shown in Figure 1. It is obvious that the low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs with 2 or 3 rings were dominant in the influent. Both of the 2-ring and 3-ring PAHs shared the similar proportion (more than 30%) and the other three types of PAHs only accounted for about 10%. NAP, the PAHs with 2 rings, is the main raw material in the manufacturing industry, such as the production of phthalate plasticizers, resins, and phthaleins (Azpíroz, Blanco, & Banciella, 2008). Similarly, the 3-ring PAHs are also applied in the production of synthetic resins, plant growth hormones, vat dyes and tannin, such as PHE, ACE. Furthermore, PHE is the important raw material of the hydrogenated phenanthrene, which is the fuel of jet aircraft. Their wide use contributes to the high content in the sewage. The low concentration of high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs was related to their low solubility in water due to their high log Kow value (Cao, Qiao, Liu, & Zhao, 2018).