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chapter thirteen System of air vehicles
Published in Mo Jamshidi, Systems of Systems Engineering, 2017
A military operations area (MOA) is an area of airspace designated for military training activities [13]. MOAs were established to contain certain military activities such as air combat maneuvers, intercepts, etc. Civilian VFR flights are allowed within a MOA even when the area is in use by the military. Air traffic control will separate IFR traffic from military activity. A clearance is not required for VFR operations. Users may encounter high-speed military aircraft involved in flight training, abrupt flight maneuvers, and formation flying. Military pilots conducting training within an active MOA are exempt from the provisions of the Federal Aviation Regulations prohibiting acrobatic flight within federal airways and control zones. They are also exempt with respect to the Federal Aviation Regulations for flights at speeds in excess of 250 knots below 10,000 feet MSL. MOAs have a defined floor and ceiling which can range up to the floor of Class A airspace (18,000 feet). MOAs are identified by a specific name, the letters “MOA,” and are charted on sectionals, IFR enroute charts, and terminal area charts. MOA dimensions, hours of use, and controlling agency can be found in the chart legend. Restricted Areas within the United States are shown in Figure 13.4.
‘The essence of fighting in the air is to attack first’
Published in James Pugh, The Royal Flying Corps, the Western Front and the Control of the Air, 1914–1918, 2017
Although 1916 ended with German air power growing in effectiveness, technologically, tactically and doctrinally, the Royal Flying Corps, as in both 1914 and 1915, had been able to provide a consistent level of tactical support to the British army on the Western Front. Even while experiencing two difficult spells during 1915 and 1916, with the Fokker Scourge and the conclusion of the Somme campaign respectively, the Corps’ offensive and morally driven approach to controlling the air, although costly in both men and material, had proved to be effective. This approach, born out of pre-war theory, had evolved during the opening years of the conflict to embrace the accumulation of practical experience, which encompassed the shifting technological and attritional contexts of war on the Western Front. These changes involved the creation of dedicated and homogenous fighter squadrons, the development of effective fighter aircraft and aerial armament, the beginnings of formation flying and a growing acknowledgement of concentration as a method to maximise efficiency in seizing control of the air.
Selection and Training
Published in David G. Newman, Flying Fast Jets, 2014
The next phase of the training involves the completion of military pilot training to ‘wings’ standard. In addition to basic flying skills acquisition, this phase of training teaches the students advanced military flight skills such as low-level navigation and formation flying. At the completion of this phase, the candidates are designated as qualified military pilots (although with no particular aircraft type or track specialisation). In the RAF, this training is done on the Tucano aircraft (an advanced turboprop trainer). In the RAAF, successful graduates from the basic flight training programme progress to No 2 Flying Training School at RAAF Pearce, where they will spend approximately 37 weeks and complete around 120 hours of flight training on the Pilatus PC-9A advanced turboprop trainer.
Distributed optimal formation algorithm for multi-satellites system with time-varying performance function
Published in International Journal of Control, 2020
Over the past decades, there has been much interest in the satellites formation control, because the formation flying has several advantages including reducing total mission cost, performing missions more flexibly and safely and making possible advanced applications such as space interferometry and earth mapping. Compared with a monolithic satellite, the multiple satellites system can deliver a much more comparable or greater mission capability. And when organised as a collaborative group, the multiple satellites can take the place of a much bigger and costlier conventional satellite for distributed sensing applications such as atmospheric sampling, distributed antennas and synthetic apertures with significantly enhanced flexibility and robustness (Ghapani, Mei, & Ren, 2016).