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The Evolution of Aircraft Automation
Published in Charles E. Billings, Aviation Automation: The Search for A Human-Centered Approach, 2018
The introduction of fly-by-wire systems in the A320/330/340 and B-777 has provided control system engineers with more flexibility to tailor aircraft control responses to match desired characteristics through software in the flight control computers. An inherently unstable airplane can be made to feel, to the pilot, like an extremely stable platform. Indeed, some modern aircraft (such as the MD41) incorporate reduced longitudinal stability, which is compensated for by a stability augmentation system. Even manually controlled flight in such aircraft is actually accomplished by one or more computers interposed between the pilot and the machine. This control architecture offers other opportunities to the designer, who may now limit the flight envelope by making it impossible for the pilot to exceed certain boundaries, or provide precisely tempered degradation of flying qualities as safe operating limits are approached. This is called envelope protection.
Certification of Aircraft and Aircraft Systems
Published in Steven J. Landry, Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems, 2017
The certification basis forms the foundation of the Project Specific Certification Plan (PSCP), which is the overall plan proposed by the entity (applicant) seeking a TC. The PSCP in turn points to individual certification plans to accomplish specific tasks for the show of compliance, such as ground test plan, aircraft performance and flying qualities flight test plan, electromagnetic interference test plan, and others. Although the guidance for the basic contents of a PSCP do not explicitly call for a stand-alone certification plan that consolidates all human factors issues, FAA PS¶,** encourage its use when certifying an entire new aircraft or multiple complex integrated systems, rather than scattering human factors compliance throughout the various system specific test plans. Table 8.2 shows a notional outline of a Human Factors Certification Plan.
Aerospace Controls
Published in William S. Levine, Control System Applications, 2018
M. Pachter, C. H. Houpis, Vincent T. Coppola, N. Harris McClamroch, S. M. Joshi, A. G. Kelkar, David Haessig
Evidently, a “robust” set of specifications is not available because the flying qualities depend on flight condition throughout the flight envelope. The lack of uniform performance bounds over the entire envelope illustrates a shortcoming of the current robust control paradigms. Moreover, the specifications above must be met in the face of the following.
Real-Time Vision-Based Aircraft Vertical Tail Damage Detection and Parameter Estimation
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Kishan S. Chowhan, Hemendra Arya, Vijay V. Patel, Girish S. Deodhare
There have been instances of threats from shoulder-fired missiles to both military and civil aircraft. For example, the attack on DHL A300 aircraft in Iraq in the year 2003 resulted in damage leading to severely compromised control capability [7]. Damage to, or loss of, aerodynamic or stability/control surfaces of an aircraft can pose serious implications for continued flight to a safe landing. Overall, it is proven that structural damage deteriorates the flying qualities, and as a result, the safe flight envelopes may shrink and the aircraft may find itself outside of this safe flight envelope, which leads to loss of control [8].