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Aircraft
Published in Suzanne K. Kearns, Fundamentals of International Aviation, 2018
The operator must produce and manage several pieces of documentation and make them available to the CAA in the State of Operator for inspection. These include: Maintenance control manual – a reference document for the CAA, which outlines the maintenance activities the operator will conduct. Its main purpose is to describe the operator’s procedures to ensure all scheduled and unscheduled maintenance is performed on time and satisfactorily.Maintenance programme – a detailed listing of scheduled maintenance tasks to be performed on each aircraft, for use by maintenance and operational personnel, which must be approved by the State of Registry.Maintenance records – detailed records on maintenance-related activities for each aircraft that includes time in service (hours, days, and/or take-off and landing cycles), compliance with airworthiness information, repairs, time since last overhaul, compliance with maintenance programme, and signings of maintenance releases.
Policy and Public Perception
Published in Douglas M. Marshall, R. Kurt Barnhart, Eric Shappee, Michael Most, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2016
The FAA required that MCSO provide a letter stating that they had assessed the airworthiness of the Draganflyer X6 and were accepting all liability associated with the airworthiness of the airframe. Airworthiness is a process that assures that the equipment is ready to fly and is safe to do so. Additionally, a pilot’s license is a process by which operators demonstrate that they are ready to fly the equipment in a given environment. Neither of these two processes, derived from manned aviation, applied to the use of sUAS in the NAS, at least not according to the FAA. In the CoA application, MCSO assured that all these issues, and more, were addressed. They explained how their operators would be trained and how they would ensure the aircraft were ready for flight each time they were used. They would also ensure they had contingencies in place if their equipment did not operate as designed or expected. By the time the application for the original CoA was filled out, they had submitted more than 30 pages of documentation and 8 months later they received one of the very first CoAs for the use of UASs by any police agency in the United States. Even after all of this, they were only granted permission to fly in a small area at the local landfill. This process obviously was not going to work. What they had begun to do was train operators and learn just how realistically they could use sUAS in their day-today tasks. The training CoA was going to fall short of the goal of full operational capability.
Aerospace law, international accords, and contracting procedures
Published in Wesley Spreen, The Aerospace Business, 2019
The Type Certificate, or TC, is the official document issued by a national airworthiness authority attesting that the design of an aircraft or item of equipment complies with the standards of the authority. The airworthiness standards themselves are contained in voluminous technical references that regulate every aspect of aircraft design, much as building codes regulate design of office buildings and residences. In the USA, FAA technical standards are contained in the Federal Airworthiness Regulations, or FAR. Different volumes of the FAR pertain to different types of aircraft. FAR part 29, for example, controls large transport helicopters. FAR part 25 applies to large fixed wing transport airliners. Other national CAAs maintain their own airworthiness standards.
Predicting and mitigating failures on the flight deck: an aircraft engine bird strike scenario
Published in Ergonomics, 2022
Victoria Banks, Craig K. Allison, Katie Parnell, Katherine Plant, Neville A. Stanton
Whilst safety is, of course, the main priority when considering engine FOD as a consequence of bird strikes, there are also significant economic costs associated with the damage sustained in such events. Two main approaches have been adopted to try and reduce the costs associated with injury, fatality and loss of aircraft that result from wildlife collision. First, there are bird strike prevention methods that aim to reduce the probability of incidents occurring, either by culling bird populations in airport vicinities (Kelly and Allan 2006) or technological solutions to discourage birds from approaching such as the use of pulsed landing lights, infrasound, and fuselage colour schemes (MacKinnon, Sowden, and Dudley 2001; Martin 2011). Second, there are aircraft certification programmes that aim to ensure the integrity of the airframe (e.g. CS-25.631, European Aviation Safety Agency 2019) and certification programmes for the engines (e.g. Airworthiness Code CS-E 800, European Aviation Safety Agency 2018) following a high velocity impact. A third potential approach, which is currently underutilised, is to provide flight crew with greater support when handling such events via flight deck displays and avionics. Supporting flight crews with well-designed interfaces has the potential to enhance their decision making, potentially helping to ameliorate the situation and improve the outcome of such events.
STPA enabled safety assessment in the architecting of complex systems
Published in Safety and Reliability, 2022
Sergio Jimeno Altelarrea, Atif Riaz, Marin D. Guenov
Safety is particularly important for civil aircraft where accidents could result in many fatalities. This has motivated the establishment of regulatory agencies, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which define the minimum safety requirements aircraft must meet to obtain a certificate of airworthiness. Their efforts have succeeded in reducing the number of fatalities involving passenger and cargo operations of large aeroplanes worldwide (European Aviation Safety Agency, 2020a). However, the growing complexity of systems and the use of innovative solutions, such as novel configurations and increasingly more electric aircraft, introduce new challenges. Traditional safety methods might be insufficient for complex systems and much of the past experience regarding safety might not apply to the new designs (Leveson, 2012, pp. 3–6). Within this context, the broader aim of this research is to facilitate the application of safety methods that can improve the efficiency of the safety assessment process of complex, innovative systems.
The Use of Blockchain in Aviation Safety Reporting Systems: A Framework Proposal
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2022
Ersin Aktas, Sercan Demir, Turan Paksoy
Wang and Li (2019) focus on developing a supply chain traceability model structured on blockchain and IoT technologies for the airworthiness of aircraft equipment. As the original material plays a crucial role in the airworthiness of aircraft, the model aims to store and monitor aircraft equipment-related information throughout all processes of the supply chain through effective cooperation between the relevant units of the aviation industry in order to reduce the chance of counterfeit material that poses a risk for airworthiness. The technical framework of the traceability model is composed of data, network, consensus, incentive, contract, and implementation layers. In this system, different parties have the right to record information about aircraft equipment. This information is available to various parties as well as the civil aviation authority. Airworthiness is significantly increased as information on aircraft equipment can be traced throughout the entire supply chain system.