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Air Traffic Management
Published in Ron Bartsch, International Aviation Law, 2018
The objective of the provision of air traffic services, as defined in Annex 11, is to:Prevent collisions between aircraft, whether taxiing on the maneuvering area, taking off, landing, en-route, or in the holding pattern at the destination aerodrome. The ability to achieve this objective is assisted by the segmentation of airspace into a series of contiguous flight information regions (FIRs), which designates the responsible management of portions of airspace to particular ATS providers. Everything from airspace over oceanic regions to mainland areas is assigned to flight information centres and ATC units, which provide the services defined as necessary for that FIR (see, for example, Figure 15.1).
The Air Traffic Management System
Published in Tom Kontogiannis, Stathis Malakis, Cognitive Engineering and Safety Organization in Air Traffic Management, 2017
Tom Kontogiannis, Stathis Malakis
The ATC units provide air traffic services for instrument flight rules (IFR) flights conducted in accordance with instrument flight rules in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) and visual flight rules (VFR) flights in accordance with visual flight rules in visual meteorological conditions (VMC). In IFR flights, controllers are responsible for safe separation from obstacles and other aircraft by providing appropriate services in accordance with the ATS type, available CNS systems, and airspace classification. In VFR flights, flight crews are responsible for visually separating their aircraft from obstacles by remaining outside clouds.
Air Traffic Management
Published in Vincent P. Galotti, The Future Air Navigation System (FANS), 2019
In order to fully understand this chapter, it is necessary to first become familiar with a few of the common international terms which are frequently used when referring to ATM and which you will see often as you become involved with international civil aviation. Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.Air traffic control service A service provided for the purpose of: preventing collisions: between aircraft, andon the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and,expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.Air traffic service (ATS) A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service or air traffic control service (aerodrome, approach, enroute).Aerodrome control service Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.Approach control service Air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights (within a given radius of the aerodrome).Area control service Air traffic control service for controlled flights in controlled airspace (enroute).Flight information service A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flight.Flight plan Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.
Effect of Fatigue in Air Traffic Controllers’ Workload, Situation Awareness, and Control Strategy
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2022
In the air traffic control environment, maintaining a good SA and control strategy is crucial mainly because of the inevitable fatigue setting in as tasks are performed over time under varying workload. This paper provided insights on the relationship among factors in relation to air traffic control tasks through a real-time case study in ATS-Manila. It showed evidence that the practice of multitasking can lead to fatigue even if the number of aircraft is lower in a shift. The study also showed the relationship of fatigue to measurements of SA. Elevated levels of fatigue are related to lower response latency, lower accuracy, and lower SASHA scores. Although lower response latency seems to be desirable, its effect in terms of accuracy can have detrimental results in real life. These findings can be used by stakeholders of the commercial aviation industry, specifically the air traffic service, to allocate resources to minimize fatigue by proper staff scheduling.