Personalized Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease
Nilanjana Maulik in Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
This chapter reviews the entity of the problem of Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) worldwide and its main characteristics. It discusses the main aims and challenges in the treatment of the three phase treatments of CKD: preserving the kidney function as the first goal of nutritional treatment in CKD; retarding dialysis as the aim of treatment in advanced stages of CKD; ensuring that the nutritional status of patients on dialysis is preserved and combining both after kidney transplantation. CKD is presently defined as every persistent (lasting for at least three months) alteration in renal function or structure, or in urine composition, regardless of kidney function. Renal functional reserve is also what makes possible living-donor kidney transplantation, aimed at guaranteeing a healthy life to the donor and ‘functionally healing’ the recipient. The close relationship between nutrition and dialysis is both obvious and complex. When CKD is the only disease a patient has, nutritional issues are focused on type and stage of CKD.
Renal Cancer
Dongyou Liu in Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arises from the cells in the parenchyma of the kidneys. RCC constitutes the seventh most common malignancy in men, and the ninth in women, amounting to 2 percent of the total human cancer burden globally. Risk factors for RCC include cigarette smoking; obesity; diuretic use; exposure to petroleum products, asbestos, and ionizing radiation; high-protein diets; hypertension; kidney transplantation; and HIV infection. RCC is associated with VHL disease, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal cancer (HPRC). Patients with RCC are usually asymptomatic, although some may show flank or abdominal pain. The stage of RCC is often determined by using the TNM system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), in which T indicates the size of the primary tumor and extent of invasion; N describes the status of metastasis to regional lymph nodes; and M indicates whether there is distant metastasis. For localized RCC, primary treatment is nephrectomy.
The Transplanted Body
D. Gareth Jones, Maja I. Whitaker in Speaking for the Dead, 2016
This chapter explores about organ donation and transplantation. In 1954 the first successful kidney transplantation was performed in the United States. Recipient and donor were identical twin brothers, thereby avoiding the problem of biological incompatibility. However, major developments in the understanding of skin grafting and acquired immunological tolerance, along with surgical developments in transplantation, led to the first successful kidney allotransplantation. The first partial face transplant was performed in 2005 by the same team that performed the first successful hand transplant. The most common cause of death in anencephalic infants is cardio-respiratory arrest. This is problematic for those wishing to remove organs for transplantation because the lack of oxygen irreparably damages the tissues making them unsuitable for transplantation. Fetal neural transplantation refers to the transplantation of fetal brain cells into the brain of an adult, and as a field of research it has become one of the foremost research areas within biology.
Is Remote Ischemic Conditioning of Benefit to Patients Undergoing Kidney Transplantation?
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Nadeen J. Khoury, Charat Thongprayoon, Iasmina M. Craici
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), an inevitable event during kidney transplantation procedure, can result in delayed graft function or even primary nonfunction. In addition to strategies to limit IRI such as advancements in organ allocation systems and preservation of organs, and reduction in cold and warm ischemia time, remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has attracted much attention in recent years. With promising findings and data suggesting a potential benefit of RIC in animal kidney transplantation models, a few clinical trials have investigated the use of RIC in human kidney transplantation. Unfortunately, the findings from these investigations have been inconclusive due to a number of factors such as diverse time points of RIC, limited sample size, and complexity of kidney transplant patients. This brief commentary aims to discuss the effects of RIC on clinical outcomes and proinflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
Progressive Increase of Anxiety and Depression in Patients Waiting for a Kidney Transplantation
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2010
Emmanuelle Corruble, Antoine Durrbach, Bernard Charpentier, Philippe Lang, Sharareh Amidi, Anne Dezamis, Caroline Barry, Bruno Falissard
Because of the increasing duration of the waiting-list period for kidney transplantation, we hypothesized that this period was associated with a progressive increase in depressive and anxious symptoms in patients waitlisted for a kidney transplantation. In a prospective naturalistic follow-up cohort study, 390 patients on a waiting list for kidney transplant were assessed for anxiety and depression at the time of inclusion on the waiting list, 12 months later, 24 months later, and 3 months after transplantation. The Beck Depression Inventory–Short Version (Short-BDI) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used for this assessment. We found that in this sample, anxious and depressive symptoms progressively increased before transplantation and showed a marked decrease after transplantation. We conclude that to limit anxious and depressive symptoms in patients waiting for a kidney transplantation, the duration of the waiting list period should be reduced as far as possible.
Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: Analysis of the First 40 Cases Performed in UZ Leuven
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2008
J. Pirenne, J. de Roey, D. Monbaliu, F. Van Gelder, K. Claes, C. De Baere, P. Evenepoel, D. Kuypers, S. Vanderschueren, B. Maes, R. Lombaerts, Y. Vanrenterghem, W. Coosemans
Living donation kidney transplantation has been popular worldwide to try to increase the donor pool. In Belgium, the rate of living donation kidney transplantation has been traditionally relatively low compared to other countries. This is - in part - due to the relatively higher cadaveric organ offer that is available in Belgium (around 25 donors per million inhabitants), compared to other countries. However, the increasing waiting times on cadaveric waiting list and the superiority of the results of live donation versus cadaveric kidney transplantation have led to a reappraisal of this strategy. In our center a living donation kidney transplant programme was started in 1997. Since then 40 cases of live donation kidney transplantation have been performed and are reported herein.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Renal Replacement Therapy
- Kidney
- Urologic Surgical Procedures
- Male Urologic Surgical Procedures
- Organ Transplantation
- Organ Transplant