Effect of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins – Summary of the Evidence
Cesarettin Alasalvar, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Emilio Ros, Joan Sabaté in Health Benefits of Nuts and Dried Fruits, 2020
Areas of discussion include the efficacy of tree nuts versus peanuts, and walnuts versus other tree nuts, in modifying blood lipids and lipoproteins; the dose effect of nut consumption; and the clinical relevance of nut studies conducted among various populations. Plasma apolipoproteins have been shown to be more informative predictors of future cardiovascular risk than lipoproteins. A study examining the acute effects of consuming a nut meal observed increased total plasma polyphenol levels, with peak concentration achieved approximately 90 minutes post-ingestion. Nuts are rich sources of highly bioactive polyphenols, representing one of the richest food sources per serving. Nuts have favorable effects on serum lipids primarily because of their high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and low levels of saturated fatty acids, and a host of plant-based bioactive compounds. Nuts are rich in polymerized polyphenols, representing one of the richest food sources of polymerized polyphenols per serving.
The Clearance of Lipoproteins and of Drugs Associated with Lipoproteins
William N. Charman, Valentino J. Stella in Lymphatic Transport of Drugs, 2019
Drugs that are absorbed and transported through the lymphatic system drain, via the thoracic lymph duct, into the systemic circulation at the junction of the jugular and left subclavian veins. The nature of drug/lipoprotein clearance is highly complex and much of the progress made in understanding lipoprotein clearance has come from research conducted into atherosclerosis. The chapter describes the metabolism and clearance kinetics of carrier lipoproteins and associated drugs. Chylomicron metabolism is rapid and complex, with multiple interactions occurring with different enzyme systems, different apolipoprotein classes, plasma lipoproteins, and cell receptors. There have been a number of different mathematical models proposed for describing the clearance of lipoproteins. The hepatic metabolism of lipoproteins has been extensively studied, particularly in relation to atherosclerosis. Cyclosporine is known to be transferred from blood to lymph after intravenous injection and is efficiently bound to the different classes of plasma lipoproteins.
Glycogenosis type I – von Gierke disease
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop in Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
The classic form of glycogen storage disease originally described by E. von Gierke is caused by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase. It became apparent that there were subtypes of glycogenosis I and a considerably expanded glucose-6-phosphatase system when patients were studied who appeared to have von Gierke disease in which glucose-6-phosphatase activity in frozen liver was normal. The microsomal glucose-6-phosphate transport protein was recognized through the study of glycogenosis type Ib. In glycogenosis Ia, immunochemical assay has indicated an absence of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic enzyme protein in some patients in whom there is little or no activity, but most have had a normal amount of a protein of normal size. Concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein are high, and the apolipoproteins apoB, C, and E are high, while apoA and D are normal or low. The hyperlipidemia leads not only to the formation of xanthomas, but also to large lipid-laden reticuloendothelial cells in the bone marrow.
Serum apolipoprotein A-I concentration differs in coronary and peripheral artery disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2020
Niina Khan, Jahangir Khan, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Terho Lehtimäki, Jari Laurikka, Niku Oksala
Coronary artery and peripheral artery diseases represent different clinical outcomes of atherosclerosis and despite sharing common risk factors the ultimate reasons determining disease presentation are still unclear. The present study sought to define and compare the serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and those treated invasively for symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease. Altogether 218 coronary and 280 peripheral artery disease patients treated between 2013 and 2014 in the Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, with available lipid measurements within two years prior to the intervention were retrospectively analysed. The Extended Friedewald formula neural network model was used to obtain apolipoprotein and lipoprotein subfraction values. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery had a clear male predominance (82% versus 53%, p
Apolipoprotein A-I amyloidogenic variant L174S, expressed and isolated from stably transfected mammalian cells, is associated with fatty acids
Published in Amyloid, 2012
Daria Maria Monti, Sonia Di Gaetano, Rita Del Giudice, Chiara Giangrande, Angela Amoresano, Maria Monti, Angela Arciello, Renata Piccoli
Sixteen variants of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) are associated with hereditary systemic amyloidoses, characterized by amyloid deposition in peripheral organs of patients. As these are heterozygous for the amyloidogenic variants, their isolation from plasma is impracticable and recombinant expression systems are needed. Here we report the expression of recombinant ApoA-I amyloidogenic variant Leu174 with Ser (L174S) in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells. ApoA-I variant L174S was found to be efficiently secreted in the culture medium, from which it was isolated following a one-step purification procedure. Mass spectrometry analyses allowed the qualitative and quantitative definition of the amyloidogenic variant lipid content, which was found to consist of two saturated and two monounsaturated fatty acids. Interestingly, the same lipid species were found to be associated with the wild-type ApoA-I, expressed and isolated using the same cell system, with lower values of the lipid to protein molar ratios with respect to the amyloidogenic variant. A possible role of fatty acids in trafficking and secretion of apolipoproteins may be hypothesized.
Apolipoprotein A1 as a potential biomarker in the ascitic fluid for the differentiation of advanced ovarian cancers
Published in Biomarkers, 2013
Gururao Hariprasad, Roopa Hariprasad, Lalit Kumar, Alagiri Srinivasan, Srujana Kola, Amit Kaushik
Context: Primary ovarian cancer and ovarian metastasis from non-ovarian cancers in advanced stage are closely mimicking conditions whose therapeutics and prognosis are different. Objective: To identify biomarkers that can differentiate the two variants of advanced ovarian cancers. Methods: Gel-based proteomics and antibody-based assays were used to study the differentially expressed proteins in the ascitic fluid of fourteen patients with advanced ovarian cancers. Results: Programmed Cell Death 1-Ligand 2, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein A4 and anti-human fas antibody are differentially expressed proteins. Conclusions: Apolipoprotein A1 with a 61.8 ng/ml cut-off is a potential biomarker with the best differentiating statistical parameters.
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