Suggestion by Mystic and Religious Methods; Suggestion under Artificially Induced Hysteria—Hypnotism; Psychanalysis
Francis X. Dercum in Rest, Suggestion, 2019
As already stated, cataleptoid phenomena may be induced in hypnosis, and, indeed, the possibility of inducing this condition has frequently been used to test the degree or the reality of the hypnotic sleep. By Charcot and his disciples, who studied hypnotism in the hysteric patients of the Salpêtrière, catalepsy was induced in a different way. The subject was asked to look attentively at a bright object held at a distance of some centimeters before his eyes; after the lapse of a few moments, the object was suddenly withdrawn. When the experiment is successful, the patient becomes immobile; his eyes are fixed and open and staring directly in front of him. His eyes are also moist, or tears may make their appearance. There is anesthesia of the cornea, and indeed of the entire body. At the same time, catalepsy is marked and typical. The limbs retain whatever positions they may be placed in; if the subject is stood upon his feet, he remains in the position which has been given him. He presents the symptom which has been termed "flexibilitas cerea." If the condition persist for any length of time, it may eventuate in an attack of "grand hysteria." During its continuance, marked suggestibility is noted. Subsequently, no recollection of the events of the hypnosis is retained. There is also marked fatigue.
Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Essentials of Psychiatric Assessment, 2018
Abnormal posture may be induced by others (catalepsy), or assumed spontaneously by the patient (posturing): Catalepsy: a condition of diminished responsiveness characterized by maintenance of postures imposed by the examiner for a long period of time. It occurs in organic or psychiatric disorders, or under hypnosis. It is usually accompanied by waxy flexibility.Waxy flexibility: the patient shows slight even resistance while moving limbs into imposed positions that are maintained for long periods of time.Posturing: purposeless, voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures that are maintained for long periods of time.
Questions and Answers
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly in MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
Answer: B. Cataplexy is temporary sudden loss of muscle tone, causing weakness and immobilisation. It can be precipitated by a variety of emotional states and is often followed by sleep. It is commonly seen in narcolepsy. Catalepsy is a condition in which a person maintains the body position into which they are placed. It is seen in catatonic schizophrenia and is also called waxy flexibility. Cathexis is a term from psychoanalysis meaning a conscious or unconscious investment of psychic energy into an idea, concept, object or person. Sleep paralysis is an episode of inability to move occurring between wakefulness and sleep, in either direction. Catatonic stupor is a state of decreased reactivity to stimuli in which the patient is aware of their surroundings. [P. pp. 849–59; D. p. 43]
Jean-Martin Charcot´s medical instruments: Electrotherapeutic devices in La Leçon Clinique à la Salpêtrière
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
Francesco Brigo, Albert Balasse, Raffaele Nardone, Olivier Walusinski
In 1875, Charcot encouraged Romain Vigouroux (1831–1911) to set up an electrotherapy department at the Salpêtrière, where the practice of faradization to treat hysteria and neurasthenia began in 1881 (Walusinski 2013). Electrical stimuli could be delivered to the face of hysterical patients during the first phase of the hypnotical state (catalepsy). It could be stopped as soon as the desired facial expression had been obtained. As Charcot (1890) wrote, Once produced, the movement imprinted on the features of the face cannot be erased, even after removing the electrodes that had generated it. The facial expression remains immobile during catalepsy, as well as the accompanying attitude and gesture. The subject is thus transformed into a sort of an expressive statue, an immobile model representing with striking truth the most diverse expressions. Definitely, artists could take advantage of this.
Fabrication of solid lipid nanoparticles of lurasidone HCl for oral delivery: optimization, in vitro characterization, cell line studies and in vivo efficacy in schizophrenia
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Mitali H. Patel, Veenu P. Mundada, Krutika K. Sawant
Catalepsy is a measure of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). It is characterized by a trance or seizure with a loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body [48]. The cataleptic study was evaluated up to 21 days to observe the effect of formulations on EPS associated with LH (Figure 14(b)). On the 1st day of treatment, no significant difference in cataleptic response was observed in groups treated with LH-suspension and LH-SLNs. When groups were compared on other days (7th, 14th and 21st day), cataleptic behavior was increased with LH-suspension whereas it was gradually decreased with LH-SLNs. The improvement in catalepsy with LH-SLNs indicating reduction in EPS might be attributed to controlled drug release and fewer fluctuations in drug concentration.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders: focus on animal models
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2019
Elizabeth A. Kulikova, Alexander V. Kulikov
The 5-HT system is also associated with locomotion disturbances. The conditional knockout of the Tph2 gene increases locomotion activity in adult mice [114]. Catalepsy is a state of prolonged immobility with plastic or rigid muscle tonus. There are experimental evidences of positive association between TPH2 activity and catalepsy. The TPH2 inhibition by pCPA prevents haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats [123]. Selective breeding of rats for spontaneous catalepsy increases the TPH2 activity in striatum, while pCPA abolishes catalepsy in these catalepsy-prone rats [37]. Moreover, a significant increase in the striatal TPH2 activity in the catalepsy-prone CBA mice, in comparison with mice of catalepsy-resistant C57BL/6, AKR, C3H strains has been shown [124].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Muscle
- Pain
- Waxy Flexibility
- Parkinson's Disease
- Epilepsy
- Cocaine
- Catatonia
- Schizophrenia
- Antipsychotic
- Haloperidol