Lentiviral Vectors Design and Applications
Nancy Smyth Templeton in Gene and Cell Therapy, 2015
Lentiviral Vector Features are present in the vector systems derived from other lentiof naked or complexed DNA on certain cell types results developed on the basis of existing viruses such as retrovirus, herpes virus, adenovirus, and adeno-associated virus. Retroviral vectors allow a stable integration into the host of their viral reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) [1]. Moreover, these vectors allow this long-term gene transfer without transferring any viral genes. The absence or the an essential feature of retroviral vectors. These murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vectors transduce only actively dividing cells, and therefore important gene therapy targets or skeletal muscles cannot be transduced unless they are induced to proliferate.
Case 9: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Laurel J. Gershwin in Case Studies in Veterinary Immunology, 2017
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus, akin to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency viruses. These viruses have in common the ability to infect and destroy cells of the immune system, causing acquired immunodeficiency. This chapter presents the case of Scotty. Scotty is a ten-year-old indoor/outdoor castrated male domestic short-haired cat who has lived with a family in a rural neighborhood for his whole life. Physical examination revealed a severely cachexic, slightly dehydrated, and depressed cat, showing alopecia predominantly localized to the head and neck, along with crusty lesions, erythema, and mild pyoderma. Scotty's hair coat in general was scurfy and flaky, indicating that he was not grooming himself. In order to ascertain Scotty's FIV status, blood was drawn and examined by a quick assay, namely the SNAP ® FIV/feline leukemia virus (FeLV) test, to determine the presence of antibodies to FIV. The test was positive for FIV and negative for FeLV.
Staying Abreast of HIV Disease
Judith Landau-Stanton, Colleen D. Clements, Robert E. Cole, Ann Z. Griepp, Alexander F. Tartaglia, Jackie Nudd, Elisabet Espaillat-Piña, M. Duncan Stanton in AIDS, Health, and Mental Health, 1993
This chapter provides an attempt to supply some tools for staying abreast of a new and changing disease. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease is simply one more addition to that list, albeit a very dangerous one. A disadvantage of the model is that it does separate HIV disease from mainstream medical care, although this was also done with tuberculosis sanito-riums and is done with cancer centers. Staying abreast of HIV disease becomes more than learning the etiology and natural history of the disease. Both R. Shilts’s book and M. D. Grmek’s book point to HIV disease as a moving progression of information and developments that will be difficult to keep abreast of, and that will require constant updating and changing. The French researchers, however, not committed to the human T-lymphocyte virus consensus as Dr. Robert Gallo was, looked at other possible virus families and found the lentivirus that finally became known as HIV.
Production of CAR T-cells by GMP-grade lentiviral vectors: latest advances and future prospects
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2019
Mansour Poorebrahim, Solmaz Sadeghi, Elham Fakhr, Mohammad Foad Abazari, Vahdat Poortahmasebi, Asma Kheirollahi, Hassan Askari, Alireza Rajabzadeh, Malihe Rastegarpanah, Aija Linē, Angel Cid-Arregui
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy and a new milestone in the history of oncology. In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration approved two CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies (Kymriah™, Novartis, and Yescarta™, Kite Pharma/Gilead Sciences) that have remarkable efficacy in some B-cell malignancies. The CAR approach is currently being evaluated in multiple pivotal trials designed for the immunotherapy of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. To generate CAR T-cells ex vivo, lentiviral vectors (LVs) are particularly appealing due to their ability to stably integrate relatively large DNA inserts, and to efficiently transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. This review discusses the latest advances and challenges in the design and production of CAR T-cells, and the good manufacturing practices (GMP)-grade production process of LVs used as a gene transfer vehicle. New developments in the application of CAR T-cell therapy are also outlined with particular emphasis on next-generation allogeneic CAR T-cells.
Lentiviral vectors for immunization: an inflammatory field
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2010
Mudita Pincha, Bala Sai Sundarasetty, Renata Stripecke
Lentiviruses are retroviruses that are able to transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. Dendritic cells are key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses, and are natural targets for lentiviruses. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have recently reached the clinical gene therapy arena, prompting their use as clinical vaccines. In recent years, LVs have emerged as a robust and practical experimental platform for gene delivery and rational genetic reprogramming of dendritic cells. Here, we present the status quo of the LV system for protective or therapeutic vaccine development. This vector system has been extensively evaluated for ex vivo and in vivo (immuno)gene delivery. Improvements of the LV design in order to further grant a higher biosafety profile for vaccine development are presented.
Lentiviral vectors for immune cells targeting
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2010
Steven Froelich, April Tai, Pin Wang
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are efficient gene delivery vehicles suitable for delivering long-term transgene expression in various cell types. Engineering LVs to have the capacity to transduce specific cell types is of great interest to advance the translation of LVs toward the clinic. Here we provide an overview of innovative approaches to target LVs to cells of the immune system. In this overview we distinguish between two types of LV targeting strategies: (i) targeting of the vectors to specific cells by LV surface modifications, and (ii) targeting at the level of transgene transcription by insertion of tissue-specific promoters to drive transgene expression. It is clear that each strategy is of enormous value but ultimately combining these approaches may help reduce the effects of off-target expression and improve the efficiency and saftey of LVs for gene therapy.
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