Androgen Metabolism in the Human Female
A. S. Curry, J. V. Hewitt in Biochemistry of Women: Clinical Concepts, 1974
It is clear that there is a complex relationship between androgen-dependent events and androgen load. There is evidence to indicate that a measure of this interaction is reflected in the excretion rate of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, a metabolite of testosterone.88 The hypothesis derives from the observation that testosterone is metabolized to 5α and 5β metabolites in the liver, whereas in extrahepatic tissues such as the skin, the 5a metabolite is mainly produced.89 Thus, in men, or in women in whom there are clinical signs of probable androgen excess, such as hirsutism or acne vulgaris, there is an increase in the amount of 5α-androstanediol excreted.88 Taking into account that both in men and hirsute women there is a substantial extrahepatic clearance of testosterone, it is reasonable to assume that the observed increase in the amount of 5α-androstanediol produced reflects the extrahepatic 5α-reductase activity to some extent. As the latter is deemed to be an important metabolic step in androgenic activity at the level of target tissues,90 the assessment of 5α-androstanediol excretion may prove to be of great importance in evaluating androgenicity.
Steroid Δ4-Reductases: their Physiological Role and Significance
Ronald Hobkirk in Steroid Biochemistry, 1979
There have been a number of studies on androgen metabolism and levels in human prostate disease situations. Dihydrotestosterone contents for hypertrophic prostate (0.60 μ g/100 g) were higher than those for normal prostate (0.13 μ g/100 g); however, the rate of conversion of testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone was similar for both types of tissue.117 In this first report,117 the 5α-dihydrotestosterone content was higher in the periurethral area of the gland when compared to the outer regions; prostatic hypertrophy begins in the periurethral area. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone administration to dogs did not consistently lead to prostatic hyperplasia; its further reduction product 5a-androstane-3↓,17β-diol did.118 This latter finding is interesting in view of the fact that prostatic androgen receptors bind 5α-dihydrotestosterone much more avidly than the androstanediol.
The Stimulation of Steroid Biosynthesis by Luteinizing Hormone
Mario Ascoli in Luteinizing Hormone Action and Receptors, 2019
As in the immature male rat, the immature female rat had high gonadal 5α-reductase activity such that the major metabolite of progesterone was 5α-androstanediol.216,217 The 5α-androstanediol was probably formed via the 5α-pregnane pathway since the apparent Km of 5α-reductase is lower for progesterone than C19 steroids in the rat ovary.217,218 Following the first ovulation, 20α-hydroxprogesterone became the major metabolite and 5α-pregnanediol was formed to a lesser extent.219
Updates on androgen replacement therapy and lower urinary tract symptoms: a narrative review
Published in The Aging Male, 2022
Raed M. Al-Zoubi, Mustafa Alwani, Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Mai Elaarag, Ahmad R. Al-Qudimat, Laxmi Ojha, Aksam Yassin
Even though several investigations were studied on the association between sex hormones and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), few of them have reported the association between LUTS symptoms and circulating testosterone. Hypogonadism was observed in 20% of aging men with LUTS, but without any effect on the status of symptoms [7,13]. For instance, Litman et al. published a survey study on the possible association between testosterone and LUTS symptoms. Even though they reported good findings in terms of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and oestradiol (E2), it was concluded that circulating levels of sex hormones are not significant predictors of urological symptoms and perhaps other factors control the pathophysiology of LUTS in hypogonadal men [14]. Furthermore, looking at LUTS and serum sex steroid hormones, there seems to be no associations between LUTS symptoms with total and calculated free testosterone, however, there seem to be some links with androstanediol glucuronide, a dihydrotestosterone metabolite, and estradiol [11].
Disruptions in the reproductive system of female rats after prenatal lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress: role of sex steroids
Published in Stress, 2019
V. M. Ignatiuk, M. S. Izvolskaya, V. S. Sharova, S. N. Voronova, L. A. Zakharova
The rats were killed at PND80 by conscious decapitation. Trunk blood samples were obtained and serum separated to detect testosterone and estradiol concentrations using a direct ELISA kit (Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc., Canada), according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Check, Ubelacker, & Lauer, 1995). Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variations were <17% for testosterone and 10% for estradiol; the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.17 and 10 pg/ml, respectively. The following compounds were tested for cross-reactivity with the estradiol ELISA kit, where estradiol cross-reacted at 100%, estriol—1.6%, estrone—1.3%, progesterone—0.1%, cortisol—0.1%. For the ELISA kit the cross–reactivity for testosterone was 100%, 5α-DHT—5.2%, androstenedione—1.4%, androstanediol—0.8%, progesterone—0.5%, androsterone—0.1%.
Applying a multiscale systems biology approach to study the effect of chronic low-dose exposure to uranium in rat kidneys
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Stéphane Grison, Dimitri Kereselidze, David Cohen, Céline Gloaguen, Christelle Elie, Philippe Lestaevel, Audrey Legendre, Line Manens, Baninia Habchi, Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud, Georges Tarlet, Fabien Milliat, Jean-Charles Martin, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Maâmar Souidi
Putative annotation of the most discriminant features was performed with the freely accessible MZedDB database browser. The MS/MS spectra of some of these discriminative ions in biological samples were then compared with their authentic standard molecules to confirm the putative identification. Table 1 presents a list of the main discriminative markers identified in each of the three biological matrices. Palmitic acid, pentanoic acid, nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide, riboflavin-5-phosphate, phytosphingosine, prostaglandin F1 alpha, 2-lysolecithin, glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate, linoleic acid, oleic acid, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, and palmitoleoyl-ethanolamide were identified in kidney tissue. Docosatetraenoyl ethanolamide, arachidonylethanolamide, dihomo-gamma-linolenoyl ethanolamide, androstanediol, and 7a-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione were identified in plasma. Finally, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, 4-pyridoxic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPc 16:0), creatine, and N1-methylnicotinamide were found in urine.
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