Communicable diseases
Liam J. Donaldson, Paul D. Rutter in Donaldsons' Essential Public Health, 2017
The exact source of the SARS virus, a coronavirus, has not been proven, but could be yet another example of transmission from animals to people. The use of a wild, exotic animal (the civet cat) for food is a strong possibility, and in turn, this animal may have acquired the virus from a bat (as its natural reservoir). Coronaviruses cause a range of human infections, including the common cold. The strain that was responsible for SARS is another example of an infectious agent that crossed the species barrier, unexpectedly and unpredictably. The SARS story is a modern classic of an apparently new disease emerging suddenly. Important lessons that must be applied in the future have been learned from the SARS experience (Table 3.12).
Industrial Uses of Essential Oils
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Until the second half of the 19th century, formulas of perfumes, and flavors (although much less data are available on flavoring products in history) were based on essential oils and some other naturals (musk, civet, amber, resins, pomades, tinctures, extracts, etc.). Now, some 150 years later, old formulations are being taken out of historical books and are advertised as the “back to nature” trend. Perfumery handbooks published until early in the 20th century listed essential oils and none or only one or two aroma chemicals (or isolates from essential oils). A very good illustration of the changes which affected formulation of perfumes in the 20th century is a comparison of rose fragrance as recorded in perfumery handbooks. Dr. Heinrich Hirzel, in his Die Toiletten Chemie (1892) gave the following formula for high-quality white-rose perfume: 400 g of rose extract200 g of violet extract150 g of acacia extract100 g of jasmine extract120 g of iris infusion25 g of musk tincture5 g of rose oil10 drops of patchouli oil
Biostatistics: Issues in study design, analysis, and reporting
Stephen W. Gutkin in Writing High-Quality Medical Publications, 2018
Let us consider a colorful (and hypothetical) example of confounding. Among other things, including the musky scents of perfumes, the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) is known for a very expensive “dung coffee” that is derived from the animal’s excrement (containing digested cherries).
Recent advances in the diagnosis of COVID-19: a bird’s eye view
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Bhawna Sharma, Mohd Fardeen Husain Shahanshah, Sanjay Gupta, Vandana Gupta
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were transmitted to humans from bats through civet cats and dromedary camels, respectively (Figure 1) [9]. There is still a lot of ambiguity related to the identity of the intermediate host responsible for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans. Initially, Pangolins were considered as the most probable intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 due to the high sequence similarity between the two coronaviruses (pangolin coronavirus and novel hCoV). However, the absence of an insertion of four residues motif ‘PRRA’ in the viral genome of pangolin coronaviruses indicates the contrary. From cross-species analysis, animal species such as Minks, ferrets, snakes, turtles, yak, pigs are presumed to be the potential intermediate host between bats and humans [10,11].
Negative and positive environmental perspective of COVID-19: air, water, wastewater, forest, and noise quality
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Ranjan K Mohapatra, Pradeep K Das, Khan Sharun, Ruchi Tiwari, Saumya Ranjan Mohapatara, Pranab K. Mohapatra, Ajit Behera, Tamoghna Acharyya, Venkataramana Kandi, Kudrat-E Zahan, Senthilkumar Natesan, Muhammad Bilal, Kuldeep Dhama
COVID-19 pandemic strikes the ecological balance in a very short period and made the wild animals to experience the sudden absence of human beings due to lockdown. It appeared as if the wildlife habitat is restored overnight. During the initial pandemic phase, several reports witnessed the movement of wildlife in unorthodox settings such as wild boar foraging in the city of Barcelona, nesting sea turtles in beaches of Brazil, the small Indian civet (nocturnal) in broad daylight on the road in Kerala. COVID-19 impacted the restoration of degraded habitats and facilitated forest and wildlife recovery [144].
The knowledge level and perceptions toward COVID-19 among Turkish final year medical students
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Fatih Çalışkan, Özlem Mıdık, Zeynep Baykan, Yeşim Şenol, Esra Çınar Tanrıverdi, Funda İfakat Tengiz, Albena Gayef
The proximal origin for SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear, but the zoonotic transfer is suspected [21]. In response to the question ‘SARS-CoV is transmitted to humans from civet cats,’ which is about the origin of SARS, 22% of the participants answered correctly. In the literature, although questions were asked about the transmission from animals to humans, no specific animal species was identified [21]. This specific question reduced the rate of correct responses among the participants.