Pests Involved in Mechanical Disease Transmission
Jerome Goddard in Public Health Entomology, 2022
Cockroaches are well-known mechanical transmitters of disease agents. They are dorsoventrally flattened, fast-running insects that generally live in warm, moist, secluded areas. Cockroaches have prominent, multisegmented filiform antennae, cerci on the abdomen, and two pairs of wings. The front wings are typically hardened and translucent, whereas hind wings are membranous. In some species, wings are rudimentary or absent. Cockroaches are variously colored, with most domestic species being reddish brown, brown, or black, while the Cuban cockroach is bright green. Many species can fly, but the domestic U.S. species rarely do so; however, the imported Asian cockroach in the southeastern United States can fly and may come to lights.7 Adult German and brown-banded cockroaches are approximately 15 mm long (Figure 19.8), whereas the American and oriental cockroaches are 30–50 mm long (Figure 19.9).
Earwigs
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard in The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Earwigs are elongate, slender, flattened insects that are dark colored and have forcepslike cerci (see box). The forceps in females are straight sided, whereas male forceps are strongly curved (caliperlike) and larger. Earwigs are generally 4–20 mm long, and many species have short, stubby wings (Figure 17.1). There are actually two pairs of wings on winged specimens, the hind wings being fully developed and folded beneath the short front wings. Earwigs have chewing mouthparts and threadlike antennae. Nymphs resemble the adults with differences in abdominal segments and forceps structure. Earwigs may be mistaken for rove beetles (family Staphylinidae).
The Anopheles vector
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles in Essential Malariology, 2017
The abdomen has eight visible segments, which, unlike those of culicine mosquitoes, are mostly devoid of scales. The last segment terminates in a pair of small, finger-like cerci in females, and in males a pair of prominent claspers that are used to seize females during mating.
Radical Experiences of Portuguese Social Workers in the Vanguard of the 1974 Revolution
Published in Journal of Progressive Human Services, 2019
The process of professional demise we see in the students’ trajectory should not be understood as a result of the radical engagement per se, but, rather, of the conditions that accompanied the whole process of internship placement. As she recognizes, a feeling of certain disorientation marked her passage through the cooperative, aggravated by the absence of a clear methodological orientation and theoretical frame – a process thought to embrace structural change, though deprived of formal and functional content. In that case, unlike the SAAL experience and other structural interventions during that period,43See the case of the CERCI cooperatives, created to provide services for the disabled (Negreiros et al., 1992; Silva, 2016). the social movement itself became the centerpiece and hegemonic dictating instance of the social work students’ action, hardly intermediated or filtered by critical assessment and procedural devices. For this young student, the radical experience at the Torre Bela cooperative worked as a centrifugal force, pushing her away from a professional core that was, then, under critical scrutiny in the academy; at the same time, the social movement functioned as a centripetal force, pulling her to the heart of that communitarian project, by nature non-institutional and non-statutory.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Appendage
- Copulation
- Homology
- Morphology
- Ovipositor
- Ultrasound
- Abdomen
- Tympanal Organ
- Antenna
- Arthropod Leg