Paper 1
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw in The Final FRCR, 2020
Which anatomical structures would this lesion arise between?Biceps femoris muscle and medial head of gastrocnemiusGracilis tendon and semimembranosus tendonIliotibial tract and biceps femoris muscleSemimembranosus tendon and medial head of gastrocnemiusSemitendinosus tendon and medial head of gastrocnemius
The Thigh (Anterior and Medial Compartments)
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
The thigh can be conveniently divided into three compartments, each of which is associated with a principal nerve for motor supply of the muscles within (Fig. 10:4): Anterior chamber of the thigh (extensor compartment) Contents: quadriceps femoris muscle; sartorius muscleNerve: femoral nerveMedial chamber of the thigh (adductor compartment) Contents: adductor longus, brevis and magnus; gracilis muscle; pectineus muscleNerve: obturator nervePosterior chamber of the thigh (flexor compartment) Contents: biceps femoris muscle; semitendinosus muscle; semimembranosus muscleNerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve
The Gallbladder (GB)
Narda G. Robinson in Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Biceps femoris muscle: Flexes the leg and, when the knee flexes, rotates the leg in a lateral direction. Extends the thigh at the hip when walking begins, keeping the trunk erect. Controls flexion at the hip during standing and forward bending. The short head of the bicep femoris, in particular, flexes the knee to allow the toes to clear the ground during ambulation.
Comparison of the Upper and Lower Extremity and Trunk Muscle Masses between Children with Down Syndrome and Children with Typical Development
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2022
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Seina Maruyama, Yukika Inagaki, Yukine Ogawa, Yoshino Sato, Minori Yokota, Moeka Takeuchi, Maki Kasahara, Kota Minakawa, Kana Kato, Kenji Sakaino
The thickness of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle was significantly lower in the DS group than in the TD group. The short head of the biceps femoris muscle is activated in the stance phase and terminal swing during walking.31,32 Muscle providing hip joint extension and knee joint flexion contributes to the postural control of these joints in the sagittal plane (i.e., control of shifts in the center of gravity in the forward direction) in the stance phase and prevention of excessive knee joint extension in the terminal swing while walking. Decreased activity of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle due to decreased opportunities to perform the walking motion may lead to decreased muscle thickness in children with DS. A previous study demonstrated decreased knee flexor muscle strength in adults with DS compared to that in healthy adults.12 The findings of the present study showing reduced knee flexor muscle in the DS group than in the TD group were consistent with those of the previous study,12 although the measurement methods in the present study (muscle thickness) differed from those in the previous study (muscle strength).
The Effect of Sugammadex on Time of Sciatic Block by Perineural Bupivacaine in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Fatih Dogu Geyik, Dilek Eker, Yucel Yuce, Kutlu Hakan Erkal, Dilek Yavuzer, Hanife Gulnihal Ozdemir, Banu Cevik, Kemal Tolga Saracoglu
General anesthesia was induced with Isoflurane USP 99.9% ® at 4% with oxygen inhalation in a bell jar. Anesthesia was maintained with a nose cone and 2% Isoflurane with oxygen. The gluteal and thigh areas were shaved with the feet fixed in the prone position and the surgical area was cleaned with povidone iodine. An oblique gluteal incision was made in the right lower extremity, following the hip joint crease, and the biceps femoris muscle was reached by excluding the skin margins (Figure 1). The biceps femoris muscle was opened with blunt dissection along the posterior border of the femur and knee joint, and the sciatic nerve was exposed by retracting its edges (Figures 1 and 2). Then, with the help of a fine-tipped dissection scissors, the nerve was freed from the surrounding tissues from the level of the sciatic notch to the branching region in the popliteal area. Sciatic nerve was controlled by nerve stimulation with the help of a neurostimulator. The motor response was evaluated by stimulating the sciatic nerve in the range of 0.2-0.5 milliamperes with a 22-gauge nerve block needle (Stimuplex® Ultra 360®) accompanied by a peripheral nerve stimulator (PAJUNK® Multistim SENSOR Advanced nevre Block Stimulator). After the motor response was obtained, 0.5% Bupivacaine® HCl was injected into the perineural area with a total volume of 0.2 ml within 10 seconds. This treatment was performed on all 3 groups.
Sericin silk protein in peripheral nervous repair associated with the physical exercise of swimming in Wistar rats
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Jean Carlos Debastiani, André Junior Santana, Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro, Rose Meire Costa Brancalhão, Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini
Before the surgical procedure, the animals were weighed and anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (Ceva Santé Animale, Paulinia – São Paulo – Brazil) (95 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (Ceva Santé Animale, Paulinia – São Paulo – Brazil) (12 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Next, the animal was placed in the ventral decubitus position, with the abduction of the four limbs, and the surgical region of the right pelvic limb was prepared. An incision was made parallel to the muscle fibers of the biceps femoris muscle, thereby exposing the sciatic nerve. Then, with the aid of a hemostatic forceps, the sciatic nerve was compressed for 30 s, using the pressure of the second tooth of the rack [19]. Afterward, an epineural suture was performed in the injured region with nylon 10 wires, allowing the exact location of the injury and collection of the nerve segments at the moment of euthanasia [5].
Related Knowledge Centers
- ADDuctor Magnus Muscle
- Common Fibular Nerve
- Linea Aspera
- Sacrotuberous Ligament
- Semitendinosus Muscle
- Thigh
- Tibial Nerve
- Sciatic Nerve
- Ischial Tuberosity
- Hamstring