Lymphoma
Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler in Clinical Oncology, 2020
The main differential diagnosis is between Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Other causes of lymphadenopathy will also be considered including infection, which can be pyogenic, tuberculous or viral, e.g. EBV or CMV (cytomegalovirus), toxoplasmosis and other neoplastic conditions such as leukaemia or carcinoma.
The abdomen
Kevin G Burnand, John Black, Steven A Corbett, William EG Thomas, Norman L Browse in Browse’s Introduction to the Symptoms & Signs of Surgical Disease, 2014
The symptoms depend on the cause of the lymphadenopathy. There may be a generalized disease, or local disease in the limb, perineum or genitalia.
Neck
A. Sahib El-Radhi in Paediatric Symptom and Sign Sorter, 2019
Lumps in the neck are common and are usually benign in children. Of the many lumps found in the neck, cervical lymphadenopathy is the most common physical finding. It usually results from viral infection leaving behind small (
EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL LYMPHADENOPATHY IN CHILDREN
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2006
Aynur Oguz, Ceyda Karadeniz, Ebru Atike Temel, Elvan Caglar Citak, F. Visal Okur
The aim of this study was to evaluate children with lymphadenopathy and clinical approach to the suspicion of malignancy. The authors evaluated 457 patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy, less than 19 years of age, and referred to the Pediatric Oncology Department of Gazi University Medical School during the periods March 1996–April 2004. A total of 346 patients had benign disorders and 111 had malignant pathologies. Excisional biopsies were performed to 134 patients. A specific etiology could be found 39% in the benign group. Of the 457 patients, 218 were presented as acute, the rest as chronic lymphadenopathy. In the acute lymphadenopathy group, 98.2% of the patients had benign etiologies. The malignant disorders were mostly represented as chronic lymphadenopathy. Concerning the extension, 193 patients had localized lymphadenopathy and 264 had generalized lymphadenopaties. Cervical region was the most frequent site in both localized and generalized lymphadenopathy groups. Malignancies occurred as generalized lymphadenopathy. Supraclavicular area were involved only in the malignant group. Axillary involvement was predominant in BCG vaccine associated lymphadenitis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. All the lymph nodes less than 1 cm were due to benign causes. The malignant lesions were usually more than 3 cm in diameters. The following findings should alert the pediatrician for the probability of a malignant disorder: lymphadenopathy of more than 3 cm in size, of more than 4 weeks in duration, with supraclavicular involvement, and with abnormal laboratory and radiological findings.
Sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai–Dorfman disease) in a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2004
AA Drosos, AN Georgiadis, ZM Metafratzi, PV Voulgari, SC Efremidis, M Bai
Sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare disease that has been described by Rosai and Dorfman. It is characterized by massive, cervical lymphadenopathy, with extranodal manifestations in about 40% of patients. It occurs as a distinct entity, never associated with other diseases, and in most cases the prognosis is good. Lymphadenopathy is also a frequent sign of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), usually associated with disease activity or concurrent infection. However, excessive lymphadenopathy in SS patients is a sign of lymphoproliferative disorder development. In this report, we describe a patient with primary SS, and excessive lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly who developed Rosai‐Dorfman disease, and we discuss the possible aetiopathophysiological mechanism linking these two entities.
ASSESSMENT OF PERIPHERAL LYMPHADENOPATHIES: Experience at a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department in Turkey
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2002
Abdullah Kumral, Nur Olgun, Kamer Mutafoğlu Uysal, Funda Çorapcíoğlu, Hale Ören, Faik Saríalioğlu
Since a large variety of disorders may lead to lymph node enlargement, determining the cause of peripheral lymphadenopathy (LAP) in children can be difficult. This retrospective study evaluated 200 children who were admitted to an Oncology-Hematology department because of lymphadenopathy and aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory findings that were valuable for differential diagnosis. A specific cause for lymphadenopathy was documented in 93 (46.5%) cases. One hundred forty (70%) children were classified as having a benign cause for lymph node enlargements. Fourteen (10%) of these cases underwent an excisional lymph node biopsy, and histopathological examination showed a reactive hyperplasia. Sixty (30%) cases were classified as having a malignant disease-causing lymphadenopathy. In terms of differential diagnosis, some associated systemic symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory investigations showed significant difference between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy groups. The following findings were determined as being important to alert the physician about the probability of a malignant disorder: location of the lymphadenopathy (supraclavicular and posterior auricular), duration of the lymph node enlargement (> 4 weeks), size of the lymph node (> 3cm), abnormal complete blood cell findings, abnormalities in chest X-ray, and abdominal ultrasonography.