Testicular Cancer
Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed in MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Q29–35. Regarding relapse in patients with testicular cancer5%6%12%15%30%32%50%99%AUO trial AH 01/94Medical Research Council Report 1996MRC TE18MRC TE19SWENOTWECA
Dopamine and Tumorigenesis in Reproductive Tissues
Nira Ben-Jonathan in Dopamine, 2020
Unlike prostate cancer, which is more prevalent in older men, testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men 15–34 years of age, although it accounts for no more than 1.5% of all male-related cancers [99]. The two main types of testicular cancer are seminoma and non-seminoma. Non-seminomas grow and spread more quickly than seminomas [99,100]. Less common are Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors, and testicular non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the elderly. Most testicular cancers can be cured even when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or their combination. Teratomas are the most common testicular tumors in prepubertal children [101]. The potential association between DA and teratomas was covered earlier in this chapter under ovarian cancer.
Sperm Banking
Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh in Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
In the United States, up to 9.2% of patients diagnosed with cancer are younger than 45 years of age, and 1.1% of males are younger than 20 years [3]. Patients with cancer of the reproductive age group are most commonly referred to sperm banks in the United States and comprise about 44% of all referrals [4]. Testicular cancer—both seminoma and non-seminoma—is the most common oncologic diagnosis in the reproductive age group. Other cancers include Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and soft-tissue tumors such as sarcomas. A high incidence of poor semen quality, most commonly asthenozoospermia, is reported in men with cancer (64.2%–86.3%) [5,6]. Other semen abnormalities among patients with cancer who are referred to sperm banking include oligozoospermia (49.8%–53%) [7–9], severe oligozoospermia (22.6%) [8], and azoospermia (9.7%–21%) [7–9], and teratozoospermia is the most common abnormality (93.2%) among pretreatment cancer patients [6].
Impact of changes in human reproduction on the incidence of endocrine-related diseases
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Gerard M. H. Swaen, Paolo Boffetta, Maurice Zeegers
If these reproductive factors are risk factors for certain diseases, then it is only logical that their incidences have increased as well. The endocrine disruption topic is extremely complex, since it involves the combination of a wide range of diseases and conditions, and potentially a wide range of risk factors may be at play. Where to begin a literature search for risk factors on the 18 diseases and conditions potentially associated with a wide range of risk factors as mentioned in the WHO/UNEP report on endocrine disruption? Structure in the literature overview was created by first focusing on testicular cancer. Testicular cancer was selected because it features prominently in the WHO/UNEP report and because of its large increase in the reported incidence over the last five decades. As second health outcome, hypospadias was selected, since reproductive health outcomes also play an important role in the WHO/UNEP report as being related to endocrine active compounds. Thirdly, childhood obesity was selected because of its continued attention in the literature and the ED controversy. The selection was made a priori to the literature searches.
Quality of care in oncology: quality indicators in testicular cancer: a hospital-based approach
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2018
Hermans Barbara, Christof Vulsteke, Dekuyper Peter, Van Baelen Anthony, Huybrechts Stefan, Wulfrank Denis, Elzo-Kraemer Ximena, Van Eycken Elisabeth, Ameye Filip
Except for one indicator the KCE list of indicators is not supported by evidence-based medicine but by expert opinion. Caution should be made that there is no published proof that better adherence or non-adherence to this list of quality indicators will finally lead to respectively better and worse outcome data for the patients. A second word of caution might be needed on the clinical interest and importance of such a list of quality indicators. Goals for quality control programs should comprise improved event-free survival, improved quality-of-life, improved diagnostic approach, and improved organization of usual care. It is well-known that improved event-free survival is difficult to test in testicular cancer. First, testicular cancer is a rather rare disease lacking high numbers. Second, testicular cancer shows a rather benign outcome on short-term follow-up (years). This is illustrated by the survival of all followed-up patients and by the low number of relapses. It will be hard to demonstrate beneficial effects of better adherence to quality indicators on outcome data. Better adherence to quality indicators might offer opportunities to improve diagnostic/staging approaches and organization of usual care. Because of this, we are convinced that full implementation of the 12 quality indicators (as prescribed by the KCE) will turn into a better balance of cost-benefits in the management of testicular cancer.
Cancer in the Faroe Islands from 1960-2019 – incidence, mortality, and comparisons with the other Nordic countries
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Marnar F. Kristiansen, Ronja M. Mikkelsen, Tordis Kristiansdóttir, Páll Rasmussen, Guðrið Andórsdóttir, Sæunn Ó. Hansen, Kári R. Nielsen, Bjarni á Steig, Marin Strøm, Maria Skaalum Petersen
In the present study, we show that some cancers were more common in the Faroe Islands compared to the Nordic countries. A graphical presentation of these trends can be on the NORDCAN website [20]. Among these cancers, testicular cancer stands out, with an especially steep increase in the Faroe Islands over the last 20 years, with rates more than doubling during this time. Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young males, and the incidence of testicular cancer has increased elsewhere as well, as the incidence has doubled over the past 40 years, with the highest increases observed in Western countries [24]. Luckily, testicular cancer has a very high survival, but treatment is not without risk or long-term consequences for the men who survive [25]. There are several known risk factors for testicular cancer, including cryptorchidism, decreased spermatogenesis, infections, and prenatal and postnatal exposure to chemicals [26–28].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cryptorchidism
- Infertility
- Seminoma
- Scrotum
- Cancer
- Lymphoma
- Testicle
- Male Reproductive System
- Germ Cell Tumor
- Sex Cord–Gonadal Stromal Tumour