Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Prostate
Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple in Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
External sphincterInnervated by the perineal nerve—a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-4).Male − surrounds the membranous urethra.FemaleDistal end of the bladder neck.Three parts: sphincter urethrae, urethrovaginal muscle, and compressor urethrae.Contraction causes vaginal contraction simultaneously.
Pelvis and perineum
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings in McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
to the symphysis pubis and inferior to the bladder, and the ureter passes through it.The seminal vesicles and the ductus deferens are located laterally to the prostate and the ejaculatory ducts they form enter the urethra from a lateral position.The prostate has a groove on its posterior surface, inferior to the seminal vesicles, which is palpable on rectal examination.The membranous urethra passes through the prostate gland and has openings for the ejaculatory ducts and the 12 ducts from the gland itself.Sitting on the pelvic diaphragm, the prostate is located inferior to the body of the pubis.
Surgical Emergencies
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan in Emergency Medicine, 2020
This may occur to the membranous or bulbous urethra. Membranous urethra: associated with difficulty voiding urine and urethral bleeding, which mimics extraperitoneal rupture of the bladderrectal examination reveals a high-riding prostate, often with an underlying boggy haematoma.Bulbous urethra: caused by a straddle injury (falling astride an object)results in local perineal bruising, pain and meatal bleeding.
The measurement of membranous urethral length using transperineal ultrasound prior to radical prostatectomy
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2018
Sean F. Mungovan, Henk B. Luiting, Petra L. Graham, Jaspreet S. Sandhu, Oguz Akin, Lewis Chan, Manish I. Patel
Instructing patients to perform a voluntary contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor musculature during the TPUS examination further assisted with image optimisation for the identification of anatomical landmarks used for the measurement of MUL. The activation of the puborectalis muscle of the levator ani group helped to confirm the position of the apex of the prostate due to the anterior/superior displacement of the prostate in relation to adjacent structures. Contraction of the bulbocavernosus muscle fibres that insert on the dorsal surface of the corpus spongiosum resulted in compression of the outer border of the BU further and assisted the identification of the point of entry of the membranous urethra into the BU [18]. The BU membranous urethral junction was also confirmed with activation of the striated urethral sphincter which resulted in dorsal compression of the membranous urethra towards the medial dorsal raphe [8, 18]. The clarity of our TPUS images is consistent with previous TPUS investigations that reported clear visualisation of the structures of the male lower urinary tract when assessing male pelvic floor muscle function [6, 8, 15].
Advances in stem cell therapy for male stress urinary incontinence
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Fabrizio Gallo, Gaetano Ninotta, Maurizio Schenone, Pierluigi Cortese, Claudio Giberti
Very few studies are reported in literature using ASCs for the treatment of SUI in human patients (Table 2) [70–78]. Even fewer papers have been published concerning male SUI [71–73,77,78]. The first experience with stem cell therapy was reported by Mitterberger et al. in 2007 in 119 women. One year after the injection of myoblasts and fibroblasts, ultrasound evaluation showed an increase of thickness of the rhabdosphincter and an improvement of its contractility at the urodynamic test [70]. Based on this data, the same group treated, using the same technique, 63 male patients with SUI after radical prostatectomy. A significant postoperative improvement of incontinence and quality of life scores as well as thickness and contractility of the rhabdosphincter with no severe side effects were reassessed at one year of follow up. In particular, 41 patients (65%) were continent and 17 (27%) showed improvement while 5 (8%) did not show any improvement. Preoperative strictures, scars and fibrotic areas in the membranous urethra, prior injection of bulking agents or internal urethrotomy as well as radiation therapy negatively influenced the success rates. These data strongly supported the experimental findings that the ultrasound-guided injection of MDSCs leads to regeneration of the urethral submucosa and the rhabdosphincter and not only to passive obstruction on the lower urinary tract [71].
One-year follow-up after urethroplasty, with the focus on both lower urinary tract and erectile function
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2020
David Míka, Jan Krhut, Kateřina Ryšánková, Radek Sýkora, Libor Luňáček, Peter Zvara
Subsequently, several secondary analyses were performed. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing treatment results in sub-groups of patients with short (<20 mm, n = 28) and long urethral stricture (>20 mm, n = 26, Table 3). Similarly, when comparing outcomes in sub-groups of patients with penile urethra stricture (n = 26) and stricture in the bulbar or membranous urethra (n = 28), no statistically significant differences were found (Table 4).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Fascia
- Pubic Symphysis
- Urogenital Diaphragm
- Pelvis
- Urethra
- Urinary Meatus
- Prostate
- Bulb of Penis
- Urethral Sphincters
- Dorsal Veins of The Penis