Developments of Health Care: A Brief History of Medicine
P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas in Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Laparoscopy was invented by George Kelling in 1901, in Germany. In 1910, Hans Christian Jacobaeus of Sweden performed the first laparoscopic operation in humans. It is a surgical procedure performed in the abdomen or pelvis using minute cut (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera [81]. Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, thoracic or chest cavity [thoracoscopic surgery] using endo-scopes and ultrasound scanning. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. Laparoscopic surgery has been extensively accepted technical innovation. Laparoscopic surgery has also been generally used in hepatic, pancreatic, gynecological, and urological surgery. Advanced single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and robotic surgery are promising an excellent diagnosis and treatments [82]. A surgical robot is a computer-controlled system that can help a surgeon to use and control surgical tools. These robots significantly enhanced the quality of the surgeries, even for experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The development of highly sophisticated surgical robots helps to perform single-port surgery for complex procedures.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
An extension of the endoscopic approach is the application of the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, USA) to assist the minimally invasive nasopharyngectomy. The da Vinci surgical robot has been successfully applied to resection of early oropharyngeal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The advantages of the surgical robot include 3D optics, superior manipulation of surgical instruments in tight space, motion scaling and tremor filtration. The nasopharynx is a confined space and endoscopic surgery suffers from lack of space for triangulation of instruments. The da Vinci surgical robot can allow complex movements like suturing, blunt and sharp dissection to be performed in the confined space of the nasopharynx similar to open procedure. Ozer and Waltonen in 2008 first reported a cadaveric experiment on using the da Vinci surgical robot to perform nasopharyngectomy99 and Wei and Ho in 2010 reported the first clinical case of robotic assisted nasopharyngectomy.100 Tsang et al have reported a case series of 12 patients who underwent robotic assisited nasopharyngectomy and the 2-year local control was 86%, comparable to other endoscopic nasopharyngectomy series.101 The advantage over open nasopharyngectomy included shorter hospital stay and less blood loss. Figure 8.7 is a screen capture from the da Vinci surgical robot performing a robotic nasopharyngectomy.
Intervention: Nanotechnology in Reconstructive Intervention and Surgery
Harry F. Tibbals in Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Robot-assisted surgery has gained immense popularity in urology, a field in which laparoscopic surgery has already been well established, especially for surgery on the prostate. The Da Vinci system and other laparoscopic robots are well suited for many urologic procedures where laparoscopic access is gained through a minimal number of incisions in the abdomen. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been used in nearly all urological areas, including prostate, renal, bladder (cystectomy), and urogynecology. In urology, the advantages of robotic surgery are similar to those in other internal medicine areas: safety, more homogeneous outcomes with less variability of surgery, shorter recovery times, and new tools and procedures giving greater access to more types of surgery. For the surgeon, there is the advantage of shorter learning curve, reduced fatigue, and the opportunity to perform complex procedures that would be difficult using conventional laparoscopy. Robotic systems provide better precision and ergonomics than conventional laparoscopy. Training and remote mentoring possibilities are made feasible by robotic surgical systems in many areas [327-330].
Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Johannes Bonatti, Stephanie Wallner, Bernhard Winkler, Martin Grabenwöger
Analysis of robotic device movements and surgeon performance have already reached the area of artificial intelligence [32]. The fact that robotic machines carry computer chips offers exciting opportunities from this perspective. Automated recognition of anatomical structures and typical pathology is under development in the field of bronchoscopy and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Such detection algorithms are thinkable for recognizing anatomical structures inside the chest and could help with identification of coronary targets. Automatically halting the surgical robot before an instrument damages intrathoracic structures could be an important adjunct to patient safety. Although simple surgical maneuvers like automated camera positioning have been carried out by robots in the experimental setting clinical application for graft harvesting and anastomotic suturing is not in sight yet [33].
A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and functional outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation in women with stress urinary incontinence
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2020
Bara Barakat, Knut Franke, Sameh Hijazi, Samer Schakaki, Ulrich Gauger, Viktoria Hasselhof, Thomas-Alexander Vögeli
In summary, the AUS provided satisfactory long-term functional outcomes with manageable complications in women with UI, most of which were caused by significant intrinsic sphincter dysfunction following the failure of previous surgical methods. As expected, the results worsened after 10 years. However, it is worth noting that >60% of women remained continent, even though the device had a lifespan of less than a decade. Despite the good results obtained with the AUS, there is a relatively high need for revision surgery. The best-known risk factors for explantation are: ageing, previous procedures, perioperative complications, and pelvic radiation [30, 32–35]. In conclusion, further prospective studies are needed comparing open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery, with the evaluation of surgery times, safety, and morbidity and mortality
Robotic stone surgery – Current state and future prospects: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Philippe F. Müller, Daniel Schlager, Simon Hein, Christian Bach, Arkadiusz Miernik, Dominik S. Schoeb
However, in the last two decades, the use of robotic surgery has increased in the treatment of urolithiasis. The first use of robotic surgery was in 1999, when Intuitive Surgical Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) introduced the da Vinci™ Surgical System [10]. Initially designed for telesurgery in battlefields, the da Vinci system is currently the most common surgical robot. Like most robotic systems, the da Vinci robot is a master–slave system for laparoscopic surgery with various adaptions for utilisation in different disciplines and for an increasing number of indications [11,12]. In the field of urology, robotic surgery is mostly used for laparoscopic and, recently, for RIRS. In 2013 the Roboflex Avicenna™ (Elmed Medical Systems, Ankara, Turkey) master–slave robotic system was first clinically tested for RIRS [13].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Minimally Invasive Procedure
- Dissection
- Hemostasis
- Surgery
- Da Vinci Surgical System
- Stereopsis
- Operating Table
- Trocar
- Surgeon'S Assistant
- Surgical Nursing