Understanding the Patient, Wellness, and Caregiving Work of Older Adults
Rupa S. Valdez, Richard J. Holden in The Patient Factor, 2021
Older adults perform goal-directed activities in pursuit of overall wellness that may not be linked to a specific illness or condition. Activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and enhanced activities of daily living (EADLs) are three commonly described categories of activities completed by older adults (Rogers et al., 1998; Spector & Fleishman, 1998). ADLs include basic activities of hygiene and personal care, e.g. bathing, showering, toilet hygiene, grooming, dressing, self-feeding, functional mobility (Spector & Fleishman, 1998). IADLs include basic activities necessary to reside in the community, e.g. cleaning, maintaining the house, managing finances, preparing meals, shopping (Spector & Fleishman, 1998). EADLs include participating in social and enriching activities, learning new skills, and engaging in hobbies (Rogers et al., 1998, in press; Smarr et al., 2011).
Planning the Initial Version
Lucy Jane Miller in Developing Norm-Referenced Standardized Tests, 2020
This perceived need by therapists for objective tools must be carefully delineated2 into specific questions prior to initiating the development of a new test. The test development process is most effective when theory is based, that is, centered on an identifiable philosophy or model. Boundaries of the test must be identified prior to item development. The domains and constructs to be measured must be specified.3 At this point, the purpose may be stated rather generally, e.g., “The instrument will measure Activities of Daily Living (ADL) as an indicator of role function.” Because no single instrument can measure everything, the purpose must be limited in some manageable fashion. It is unrealistic to assume that an overall measure of “functional level” can be developed, but much more feasible to identify some component of function, e.g., activities of daily living, or strength of the upper extremity, as a focus for assessment.
Setting priorities and healthcare rationing
Penelope Mullen, Peter Spurgeon in Priority Setting and The Public, 2018
If this thesis is correct – and it is disputed (Schneider and Brody, 1983inter alia) – it would further reduce the anticipated pressure on healthcare expenditure caused by an ageing population. However, analysis by Bone et al (1995) suggests little evidence of the compression of morbidity in respect of lower levels of disability, suggesting that ‘Future gains in life expectancy among elderly people may well be accompanied by a rise in the amount of chronic disability’ (p.33). However, in respect of severe disability – inability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) independently – there is evidence of a compression of morbidity (p.30). Indeed, they present figures (p.29) which suggest that for each of the older age groups (over 75), the percentage unable to perform ADLs independently dropped dramatically between 1976 and 1991.
Caregiver Preparedness: A Therapeutic Mechanism and Moderating Factor on Outcomes for the Savvy Caregiver Program
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Daniel Paulson, Nicole McClure, Tracy Wharton, Edith Gendron, Quinn Allen, Hanya Irfan
Demographic and background variables were collected using questionnaire items assessing gender, age, educational level, income (less than $20,000; $21,000–$40,000; $41,000-$55,000; $56,000-$150,000; more than $150,000), ethnic identity (Caucasian, non-Hispanic; African American, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; Native American/Pacific Islander), relationship to caregivers (Spouse/Partner, Parent, Sibling, Aunt/uncle, Friend/Extended/Family, Other), time spent caregiving (in months), and status of cohabitation. The age of care recipients and time that the recipient has needed care (in months) was also gathered. Functional independence of the individuals for whom the participants provided care for was assessed on the basis of activities of daily living (ADL’s; walking across a room, getting in and out of bed, dressing, bathing and eating) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL’s; using the telephone, taking medication and handling money (Stephanie & Herzog, 2004).
Hearing Loss and Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults: Mediating Effect of Social Activity and Cognitive Function
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Xia Cao, Binfang Yang, Jiansong Zhou
Health status. This study primarily evaluated health status through ability of daily living (ADL) and comorbidity of chronic diseases. The activities of daily living (ADL) scale include six domains, including bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, continence, and indoor transfer (Table S7). Cronbach’s α coefficient of the ADL for this study was 0.86. Moreover, multimorbidity was measured by measuring 13 chronic conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke or CVD, chronic lung disease (bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, and asthma), TB, cataract, glaucoma, cancer, prostate tumor, gastric or duodenal ulcer, Parkinson’s disease, and bedsore. Multimorbidity was defined as self-reported disease or conditions that exceeded two of the thirteen factors listed above (Barnett et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2021).
Can assessment of disease burden and quality of life based on mobility level in patients with end-stage cancer provide an insight into unmet needs? An exploratory cross-sectional study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Yeliz Bahar- Ozdemir, Sefik Kaya, Nalan Akgul- Babacan, Tugce Al, Ece Albayrak, Nilufer Coskun, Gulseren Akyuz
Activities of daily living (ADLs) consist of basic activities an individual should be able to perform on his/her own to be able to live independently in society. However, cancer and its treatment process can negatively affect patients’ ability to perform ADL performances, ultimately reducing their QoL. Fatigue, pain, depression, low aerobic capacity, and lack of strength related to cancer and its treatment are associated with decreases in physical function (Sheill, Guinan, Hevey, and Hussey, 2018; Zucchetti et al., 2018). During the terminal stage, there are conditions that result in more physical impairments and consequently, patients experience activity limitations and participation restrictions that may negatively affect their QoL. To overcome physical impairments, patients usually need to use mobility aids (MA) such as canes, crutches, walkers, rollers, or wheelchairs.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Disability
- Health Professional
- Performance Status
- Old Age
- Everyday Life
- Personal Grooming
- Hygiene
- Assisted Feeding
- Mnemonic
- Occupational Therapy