Bacterial Endotoxin Induced Fever Affects Arousal States
Alan J. Husband in Psychoimmunology CNS-Immune Interactions, 2019
An omission from all previous research is the effect of extended periods of REM sleep on thermoregulation and immunity in mammals. REM sleep of extended duration of occurs as the "REM rebound" effect. Parmeggiani9 reports that when REM sleep is decreased during ambient temperature extremes, the cumulative (debt is paid) upon a return to thermal neutrality. Various other conditions also result in extended REM sleep. Lishman10 has proposed that increasing levels of alcohol intoxication results in a reduced amount of REM sleep. After withdrawal from alcohol abuse, the rebound effect of REM sleep occurs, resulting in an excess of REM sleep. Lishman10 also reports that prior to an attack of delirium tremens REM sleep may actually occupy the total sleep time.
Electrophysiology of Drugs of Dependence
S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill in Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
Many EEG studies of benzodiazepines and barbiturates focus on the effect of single doses used as soporifics, usually given shortly before bedtime. The effects on the duration of various sleep stages, including REM, are measured. REM time is usually reduced during the first nights of administration, gradually returning to baseline levels, with a significant increase in REM time on the first post-withdrawal night (“REM rebound”).26 The gradual return of REM activity, even when drug administration continues, and REM rebound are evidence of the development of tolerance. Withdrawal effects are also prominent, often with the development of seizure activity in the EEG, and clinically, in subjects who have taken high doses of barbiturates for extended periods.13
Neonates
Clete A. Kushida in Sleep Deprivation, 2004
In summary, the effects of RSD in neonates are totally different from those in adults. The major features include the findings that neonatal RSD produces significant and large increases of NREM sleep rather than increases of compatible amounts of wakefulness, and that neonatal RSD results in REM rebound in older but not in younger rats. These findings indicate that REM sleep-driving neurons develop earlier than wake generation neurons and that the neural mechanism driving REM rebound is not the one that drives the high percentage of REM sleep. These findings suggest that REM rebound may depend on the maturation of the wake generation system or the increase of wake time.
The effect of acute alcohol ingestion on systemic hemodynamics and sleep architecture in young, healthy men
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Daniel K. Payseur, Jacqueline R. Belhumeur, Lisa A. Curtin, Anne M. Moody, Scott R. Collier
While an increase was observed for total sleep time after alcohol, the changes in stage sleep are important to consider. Increases in light and REM stages indicate an altered sleep cycle and a nonsignificant decrease in deep sleep further points to a diminished sleep quality. The literature on alcohol-related sleep disturbances largely includes older adults and less is known on younger cohorts.46 It is well-accepted that nocturnal effects of alcohol vary between the first and second halves of sleep. During the first half of sleep when alcohol is at peak concentration in the body, more time is spent in deep sleep and less in light and REM stages. In the second half of sleep during alcohol metabolism, a “REM rebound” occurs resulting in lengthened REM and less slow wave sleep.47,48 The current study observed a small increase in REM stage, while other studies conducted in young adults have not shown this change.49,50 The disturbances in sleep stages after alcohol are present, although subtle, in the present study and further investigation of these mechanisms is warranted in young adults. The present study is specifically limited by employment of a relatively small sample of healthy college-age male who did not endorse concerning patterns of alcohol consumption.
The right fit: The impact of patient-device interface in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2018
Ahmad Zaheen, Preyanka Abhyankar, Anju Anand
Level 1 polysomnography was arranged and established a diagnosis of severe OSA with an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of 85.7 (Figure 1). The patient's sleep efficiency was documented at 54% with 20% of total sleep time at oxygen saturation below 88% and nadir saturation of 63%. A follow up continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration study was arranged with an oronasal mask (ONM). A pressure range of 5 to 17 cm of water was initially used but severe obstruction and frequent awakenings persisted and could not be accounted for by a leak of up to 24 L/min (Figure 2). Approximately 4 hours into the titration study, the delivery interface was changed to a nasal mask (NM), which promptly eliminated the patient's obstruction at only 12 cm of water. The patient's mean oxygen saturation improved to 98% and a large period of REM rebound was observed (Table 1).
Treatment of Nightmares in Psychiatric Inpatients With Imagery Rehearsal Therapy: An Open Trial and Case Series
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2019
Thomas E. Ellis, Katrina A. Rufino, Michael R. Nadorff
Though often viewed as merely a nuisance, nightmares can have profound adverse effects on the sufferer. In addition to awakening the individual during the sleep cycle, nightmares may also make it difficult to return to sleep. Additionally, patients with clinically significant nightmares commonly report resisting sleep in order to avoid nightmares (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014). Due to the REM rebound effect, such sleep interruption commonly serves only to make nightmares worse.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Citalopram
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
- Paroxetine
- Polysomnography
- Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
- Sleep
- Sleep Apnea
- Sleep Deprivation
- Sleep Disorder
- Hypnotic