Perception, Planning, and Scoping, Problem Formulation, and Hazard Identification
Ted W. Simon in Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
Considerable variation in semen quality parameters exists in humans. This variation is due to both between- and within-person variability. The 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 5th edition, flatly states that it is impossible to characterize semen quality from evaluation of a single sample.212 Length of abstinence is a major determinant of this variation.213 A commonly measured semen quality parameter is sperm concentration, the number of spermatozoa, usually in millions, in a milliliter of semen. Sperm concentration is related to time to pregnancy and is a predictor of conception.214 Sperm concentration is measured by counting individual sperm using a haemocytometer grid.215
Occupational Exposures and Reproduction
Michele Kiely in Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2019
A number of compounds, many of them pharmaceuticals, are known to affect spermatogenesis. Using sperm cells and seminal fluid obtained from the ejaculate, it is possible to examine several parameters of semen quality. For sperm concentration and motility, methods of evaluation and definitions have become standardized through the use of automated computer-based scoring systems. At least two computerized methods for classifying sperm morphology have been generated but software is still undergoing refinement and these methods are not yet widely used. Newer assays of sperm DNA have been developed and will ultimately provide a direct measure of genetic damage. Semen quality is important for couple fertility. Male-mediated effects on offspring are likely to occur via genetic mechanisms.
Indications for in vitro fertilization treatment From diagnosis to prognosis
David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, Zeev Shoham in Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 2017
Poor semen quality is the single cause of infertility in approximately 20% of infertile couples, and is an important contributing factor in another 20%–40% of them (40). Fortunately, high female fecundity can often compensate for the presence of low sperm concentrations (41). In those couples presenting with male factor infertility, intrauterine insemination (IUI) with washed and prepared sperm can be an effective treatment (42). The additional value of ovarian stimulation to IUI in this context remains a topic of debate (43, 44). Ovarian stimulation with CC does not appear to increase the efficacy of IUI (45, 46), but when the female partner is over 35 years of age, the addition of gonadotropin ovarian stimulation does appear to increase pregnancy rates, but at the expense of a higher incidence of multiple pregnancy (43).
Reproductive toxicity of melamine against male mice and the related mechanism
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2018
Jian Huang, Guozhen Yang, Fengqiong Xia, Shu Zhang
Semen quality is a crucial index for male fertility assessment, of which sperm count, motility index and deformity index are the main parameters (Komiya et al. 2013). In the meantime, they are sensitive indices for detecting a variety of physical and chemical factors that affect germ cells (Atli et al. 2016). Reduction in sperm count often results from the impaired growth and development of spermatogenic cells at all levels by various chemical substances. Decreased motility index is usually associated with sperm energy metabolism, and sperm morphology is commonly an indirect index for evaluating the potential adverse effects of physical and chemical factors on genetic materials (Saïdi et al. 2008). In this study, the sperm count and motility index of each dose group significantly reduced. The sperm deformity index was also raised with increasing exposure dose, and most abnormal sperms folded in tails.
Prevention of HIV transmission with sperm washing within fertile serodiscordant couples undergoing non-stimulated intrauterine insemination
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Waldemar de Almeida Pereira de Carvalho, Edir Catafesta, Itatiana Ferreira Rodart, Silvio Takata, Denise Lotufo Estevam, Caio Parente Barbosa
In the first analysis, the general characteristics of the couples and seminal quality, and IUI cycles outcomes were presented. In the second analysis, the seroconversion testing results were reported. In the third analysis, multivariate general linear models (GLM) analyses were used to study the association between: semen quality and (i) the use of ARV therapy, and (ii) duration of HIV infection (adjusted for male age);Pregnancy chance with IUI and (i) semen quality, (ii) the use of ARV therapy, and (iii) duration of HIV infection (adjusted for male and female ages, and number of IUI cycles).
Exploring the internal exposome of seminal plasma with semen quality and live birth: A Pilot Study
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Emily Houle, YuanYuan Li, Madison Schroder, Susan L McRitchie, Tayyab Rahil, Cynthia K Sites, Susan Jenkins Sumner, J. Richard Pilsner
For male semen quality analysis, the 10 samples were evaluated using three semen parameters (concentration, total motility, and percent normal morphology). Using the WHO reference cutoffs (Cooper et al. 2010), individuals were identified as having normal semen quality or low semen quality (normal semen quality/NSQ n = 5, low semen quality/LSQ n = 5). To be considered NSQ, an individual had to have all mentioned semen parameters above WHO cutoffs. LSQ individuals had to have 2 or more parameters below WHO cutoffs. The 10 semen specimens used in this analysis were from individuals who either had or did not have a live birth. Live birth information was provided by Baystate Medical to denote whether participants had a successful live birth (LB; n = 4) or no live birth (NLB, n = 6) after the ART cycle.
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