Challenges Facing the American Healthcare System
Kant Patel, Mark Rushefsky in Healthcare Politics and Policy in America, 2019
Although males represent a larger proportion of the US workforce, female workers represent the majority in 25 of the 30 health occupations analyzed by the HRSA. However, women are underrepresented in certain health occupations—Dentists (27.4 percent), chiropractors (28.2 percent), physicians (34.9 percent), and optometrists (40.1 percent). Women are also underrepresented in EMTs, and among paramedics (Health Resources and Services Administration 2017). Similarly, fewer than 6 percent of urologists are women despite the fact that women constitute 30 percent of the patients. The fact that patients often exhibit a preference to receive care from physicians of the same gender, especially in certain subspecialties like urology, tends to contribute to gender disparity (McDevitt and Roberts 2014).
Women’s representation and leadership in global health
Akshaya Neil Arya, Jessica Evert in Global Health Experiential Education, 2017
The movement to address gender disparity in global health leadership has rapidly gained momentum, very aptly spearheaded by current women leaders. In 2014, a twitter campaign, the “#WGH100,” was spearheaded by Ilona Kickbusch of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, with the intention of identifying exceptional women in the field and bringing them to the world’s attention. The #WGH100 list was published in the Lancet, leading to the #WGH200 and the #WGH300 (The Lancet2015, p. 318, Graduate Institute Geneva 2015). Similar initiatives/organisations have drawn focus to gender equality, including the work of UN Women’s He For She campaign, and the All Male Panel (2016) tracker. Many of these groups advocate not only for the increased presence and activity of women in global health, but for increased visibility.
Global and regional initiatives to prevent HIV among adolescents and youth
Kaymarlin Govender, Nana K. Poku in Preventing HIV Among Young People in Southern and Eastern Africa, 2020
This marked gender disparity is linked to many socio-economic factors, including legal and societal inequalities and harmful gender norms. AGYW still experience “alarmingly high” levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) (UNAIDS and UNICEF, 2015) and child marriage, both of which raise the risk of HIV infection (Jewkes et al., 2010). Reported rates of IPV among ever-married women in SSA range between 20% and 50% in 18 high-prevalence states (UNAIDS and UNICEF, 2015). Child marriage rates in ESA were 35% in 2016, including around 9% who married before age 15 (UNICEF, 2018b) (refer to Chapter 7).
“Providing a perspective that’s a little bit different”: Academic and professional experiences of male speech-language pathologists
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2021
Jamie H. Azios, Monica Bellon-Harn
Although some efforts have been made to attract males to the field, a gender disparity is maintained, limiting the ability to best serve a diverse population. To increase gender balance, targeted recruitment strategies are needed. Since exposure and personal contact are primary contributing factors to recruitment, using male professors to recruit male students may be beneficial. Increasing materials that depict males across professional roles may also be critical. Some participants discussed that their maleness provided unique opportunities for specialisation. Materials could highlight such opportunities.
High prevalence of depression and sleep–wake disorders among female emergency medicine residents in South Korea
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Mi Jin Lee, Woo Young Nho, Haewon Jung, Jae Wan Cho, Jun Seok Seo, Hyung Min Lee, Kwang Hyun Cho, Yun Jeong Kim, Jong Kun Kim
Our study has several limitations. First, the low response rate may have led to a bias. It is possible that the director of specific institutions, who were more confident about their training environment, may encourage their trainees to participate in the survey. If that was the case, the results in our study underestimated the existing gender disparity. Thus, the study findings should be interpreted with caution. Since many emergency physicians did not respond, the bias was possibly enhanced by skewing the responses towards certain academic hospitals or geographic regions. Second, findings may have been affected by the relatively small sample size that may have overestimated the prevalence and severity of depression. Third, although it may differ from one training site to another, a more detailed survey on shift schedules like the duration of each work, presence of rotating, or even information on colleagues working in shifts together may be helpful in analyzing present problems. Other limitations are related to the nature of self-reporting data and lack of gold standard diagnostic clinical interviews. This could have also skewed the results, along with the possible under-representation of the prevalence of depression and taking tricyclic antidepressants/antipsychotics/sedatives. More detailed surveys should be conducted to examine the relationships of depression and sleep-wake disorders with family members or the presence of own child, as family responsibilities are an important factor for gender differences. Therefore, the responses analyzed in this study are only representative of the individuals who participated, and the data may not be generalizable to all female emergency residents in Korea. Thus, the acquisition of additional data regarding the participation and career perceptions of female residents is pivotal to further understand this subject.
Gender specific considerations in atrial fibrillation treatment: a review
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Sanghamitra Mohanty, Chintan Trivedi, Carola Gianni, Andrea Natale
Race also seems to play a role in gender disparity. In the ARIC study, crude incidence rates of AF were 6.7, 4.0, 3.9, and 3.0 per 1000 persons per year in white men, white women, African-American men, and African-American women, respectively [13]. In Chinese women, the lifetime risk for AF was reported to be higher than in men (22.2% vs. 16.7%) [6].
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